UPSC Prelims Environment & Ecology PYQs, 2011-2026

With reference to Madhav National Park, which of the following statements is/are correct ?
1. It was declared a Tiger Reserve in India in 2025.
2. Sakhya Sagar, which is designated as a Ramsar Site, is situated within this National Park.
3. Its area is shared between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

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Consider the following statements about Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid) :
1. It is an epiphytic orchid.
2. The species is endemic to North-east India.
3. It is the State flower of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

At the United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) held in June, 2025 in France, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations demonstrated its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, especially on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for resilient livelihood and "Blue Transformation".

Which of the following combinations about the "Four Betters" proposed by FAO for "Blue Transformation" is correct ?

Consider the following statements with reference to India's response to climate change :
I. India's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
II. India's 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December, 2024 recorded around 8% decrease in Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 over 2019.
III. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets.

Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct ?
1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II.
2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I.
3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability.

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With respect to the Western Hoolock Gibbons, which of the following statements is/are correct ?
1. A Sanctuary in North-east India is home to this ape species listed as Endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
2. They have specialized brachiation and can easily swing between trees.
3. They possess a strong and heavy build like gorillas, yet are remarkably agile tree climbers.

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Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience ?
1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts.
2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones.
3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities.

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Which of the following statements with regard to the arrival of Amur Falcons at Doyang Lake in Nagaland each year from Mongolia is/are correct ?
1. It showcases how sustained local conservation efforts can contribute to the arrival and protection of international migratory birds.
2. It reflects the global success of advanced tracking technologies that guide migratory birds back to their stopover sites.
3. It confirms that Amur Falcons have adapted to permanent residency in India due to favourable habitat changes.

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Which of the following statements in relation to NIRANTAR (National Institute for Research and Application of Natural Resources to Transform, Adapt and Build Resilience), a platform of institutions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is/are correct ?
1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata.
2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Service is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi.
3. Capacity Development Support is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal.

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At the national level, which ministry is the nodal agency to ensure effective implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006?

Consider the following statements:

1. Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree.

2. Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia.

3. In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce.

4. India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa.

5. Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

“Leaf litter decomposes faster than in any other biome and as a result the soil surface is often almost bare. Apart from trees, the vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy vicariously, by climbing the trees or growing as epiphytes, rooted on the upper branches of trees.” This is the most likely description of

Consider the following kinds of organisms:

1. Copepods

2. Cyanobacteria

3. Diatoms

4. Foraminifera

Which of the above are primary producers in the food chains of oceans?

Consider the following animals:

1. Hedgehog

2. Marmot

3. Pangolin

To reduce the chance of being captured by predators, which of the above organisms rolls up/roll up and protects/protect its/their vulnerable parts?

Which one of the following is a filter feeder?

Which of the following are detritivores?

1. Earthworms

2. Jellyfish

3. Millipedes

4. Seahorses

5. Woodlice

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The ‘Common Carbon Metric’, Supported by UNEP, had been developed for

Which of the following have species that can establish symbiotic relationship with other organisms?

1. Cnidarians

2. Fungi

3. Protozoa

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‘R2 Code of Practices’ constitutes a tool available for promoting the adoption of

What is blue carbon?

In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil?

1. Fern

2. Lichen

3. Moss

4. Mushroom

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Bollgard I and Bollgard II technologies are mentioned in the context of

Which one of the following is used in preparing a natural mosquito repellent?

Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of

With reference to Indian elephants, consider the following statements:

1) The leader of an elephant group is a female.

2) The maximum gestation period can be 22 months.

3) An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years only.

4) Among the States in India, the highest elephant population is in Kerala.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin?

1) Nagarhole National Park

2) Papikonda National Park

3) Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve

4) Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary

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With reference to India’s biodiversity Ceylon frogmouth, Coppersmith barbet, Gray-chinned minivet and White-throated redstart are

Which one of the following protected areas is well-known for the conservation of a sub-species of the Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and is exclusively graminivorous?

Which of the following are the most likely places to find the musk in its natural habitat?

1) Askot Wildlife Sanctuary

2) Gangotri National Park

3) Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary

4) Manas National Park

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Consider- the following statements:

1) Coal ash contains arsenic, lead and mercury.

2) Coal-fired power plants release sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen into the environment

3) High ash content is observed in Indian coal.

Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

If a particular plant species is placed under Schedule VI of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, what is the implication?

Which one of the following statements best describes the term ‘Social Cost of Carbon’? It is a measure, in monetary value, of the

With reference to the current trends in the cultivation of sugarcane in India, consider the following statements:

1) A substantial saving in seed material is made when ‘bud chip settlings’ are raised in a nursery and transplanted in the main field.

2) When direct planting of setts is done, the germination percentage is better with single-budded setts as compared to setts with many buds.

3) If bad weather conditions prevail when setts are directly planted, single-budded setts have better survival as compared to large setts.

4) Sugarcane can be cultivated using settlings prepared from tissue culture.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to India’s Desert National Park, which of the following statements are correct?

1) It is spread over two districts.

2) There is no human habitation inside the Park.

3) It is one of the natural habitats of Great Indian Bustard.

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Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one has the largest area under “Critical Tiger Habitat”?

In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an important feature in which of the following ?

Consider the following statements :

I. As per law, the compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority exists at both National and State levels.

II. People’s participation is mandatory in the compensatory afforestation programmes carried out under the Compensatory Afforestation fund Act, 2016.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Consider the following statements:

The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Government of India to

I. State the requirement of public participation in the process of environmental protection, and the procedure and manner in which it is sought.

II. Lay down the standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sources

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

I. As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the bamboos grown on forest areas.

II. As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest produce.

III. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to forest dwellers.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of proposals to the use of hydrogen-enriched CNG (H-CNG) as fuel for buses in public transport, consider the following statements:

I. The main advantage of the use of H-CNG is the elimination of carbon monoxide emissions.

II. H-CNG as fuel reduces carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions.

III. Hydrogen up to one-fifth by volume can be blended with CNG as fuel for buses.

IV. H-CNG makes the fuel less expensive than CNG.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

I. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides into environment.

II. Cattle release ammonia into environment.

III. Poultry industry releases reactive nitrogen compounds into environment.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

I. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.

II. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention.

III. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements are correct about the deposits of ‘methane hydrate’?

I. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits.

II. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.

III. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide after a decade or two.

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Why is there a great concern about the ‘microbeads’ that are released into environment?

Consider the following statements:

I. Some species of turtles are herbivores.

II. Some species of fish are herbivores.

III. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores.

IV. Some species of snakes are viviparous.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following are in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve?

Consider the following statements:

I. Asiatic lion is naturally found in India only.

II. Double-humped camel is naturally found in India only.

III. One-horned rhinoceros is naturally found in India only.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which one of the following National Parks lies completely in the temperature alpine zone?

Which of the following statements best describes "carbon fertilization"?

Consider the following statements
1) Most of the world's coral reefs are in tropical waters.
2) More than one-third of the world's coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines.
3) Coral reefs host far more number of animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

"Momentum for Change: Climate Neutral Now" is an initiative launched by

With reference to the 'Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (CACSA)', which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015.
2) Membership of GACSA does not create any binding obligations.
3) India was instrumental in the creation of GACSA.
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With reference to 'Global Climate Change Alliance', which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.
3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
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Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard criterion for

Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites?

The term ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’ is sometimes seen the news in the context of

Which one of the following is a purpose of ‘UDAY’, a scheme of the Government?

What is/are the importance/importances of the ‘United Nations Convention to Combat Desertfication’?
1. It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive international partnerships.
2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.
3. It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification.
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In which of the following regions of India, are you most likely to come across the ‘Great Indian Hornbill’ in its natural habitat?

The FAQ accords the status of ‘Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)’ to traditional agricultural systems. What is the overall goal of this initiative?
1. To provide modern technology, training in modern farming methods and financial support to local communities of identified GIAHS so as to greatly enhance their agricultural productivity
2. To identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices and their associated landscapes, agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of the local communities
3. To provide Geographical Indication status to all the varieties of agricultural produce in such identified GIAHS
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What is/are unique about ‘Kharai camel’, a breed found in India?
1. It is capable of swimming up to three kilometres in seawater.
2. It survives by grazing on mangroves.
3. It lives in the wild and cannot be domesticated.
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Recently, our scientists have discovered a new and distinct species of banana plant which attains a height of about 11 metres and has orange coloured fruit pulp. In which part of India has it been discovered?

With reference to an initiative called ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.
2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.
3. It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.
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With reference to ‘Red Sanders’, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements:
1. It is a tree species found in a part of South India.
2. It is one of the most important trees in the tropical rain forest areas of South India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly contribute to
1. protection of biodiversity
2. resilience of forest ecosystems
3. poverty reduction
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What is ‘Greenhouse Gas Protocol’?

In the cities of our country, which among the following atmospheric gases are normally considered in calculating the value of Air Quality Index?
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Nitrogen dioxide
4. Sulfur dioxide
5. Methane
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With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017.
2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2 °C or even 1.5 °C above the pre-industrial levels.
3. Development countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change.
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Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?

With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments
2) IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments.
3) CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

What can be the impact of excessive/inappropriate use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture?
1) Proliferation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in soil can occur.
2) Increase in the acidity of soil can take place. 
3) Leaching of nitrate to the ground-water can occur.

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With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments. 
2) IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments.
3) CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

With reference to ‘fly ash’ produced by the power plants using the coal as fuel, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) Fly ash can be used in the production of bricks for building construction. 
2) Fly ash can be used as a replacement for some of the Portland cement contents of concrete. 
3) Fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide only, and does not contain any toxic elements.
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With reference to ‘dugong’, a mammal found in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) It is a herbivorous marine animal.
2) It is found along the entire coast of India
3) It is given legal protection under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

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Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?

‘BioCarbon Fund Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes’ is managed by the

With reference to ‘Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) It is global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples
2) It provides financial aid to universities, individual scientists and institutions involved in scientific forestry research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation technologies for sustainable forest management
3) It assists the countries in their ‘REDD + (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation+)’ efforts by providing them with financial and technical assistance.
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With reference to an organization known as ‘Birdlife International’ which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) It is a Global Partnership of Conservation Organizations.
2) The concept of ‘biodiversity hotspots’ originated from this organization.
3) It identifies the sites known/referred to as ‘Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas’.
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With reference to Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), consider the following statements :
(1). It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
(2). It strives to conserve nature through action-based research, education and public awareness.
(3). It organizes and conducts nature trails and camps for the general public.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins?
(1). Construction of dams and barrages on rivers
(2). Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers
(3). Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally
(4). Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers
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Consider the following :
(1). Bats
(2). Bears
(3). Rodents
The phenomenon of hibernation can be observed in which of the above kinds of animals?

Which of the following adds/add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on the planet Earth?
(1). Volcanic action
(2). Respiration
(3). Photosynthesis
(4). Decay of organic matter
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If you walk through countryside, you are likely to see some birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects, disturbed by their movement through grasses.
Which of the following is/are such bird/birds?
(1). Painted Stork
(2). Common Myna
(3). Black-necked Crane
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

If you travel through the Himalayas, you are likely to see which of the following plants naturally growing there?
(1). Oak
(2). Rhododendron
(3). Sandalwood
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With reference to two non-conventional energy sources called ‘coalbed methane’ and ‘shale gas’, consider the following ‘statements:
(1). Coalbed methane is the pure methane gas extracted from coal seams, while shale gas is a mixture of propane and butane
only that can be extracted from fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
(2). In India abundant coalbed methane sources exist, but so far no shale gas sources have been found.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 °C above pre-industrial level. If the global temperature increases beyond 3 °C above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts on the world?
(1). Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source
(2). Widespread coral mortality will occur.
(3). All the global wetlands will permanently disappear.
(4). Cultivation of cereals will not be possible anywhere in the world.
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With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements:
(1). Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites.
(2). Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents.
(3). Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical industry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements is / are correct regarding vegetative propagation of plants?
(1). Vegetative propagation produces clonal population.
(2). Vegetative propagation helps in eliminating the virus.
(3). Vegetative propagation can be practiced most of the year.
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Among the following organisms, which one does not belong to the class of the other three?

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Earth Hour’:
(1). It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO.
(2). It is a movement in which the participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every year.
(3). It is a movement to raise the awareness about the climate change and the need to save the planet.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

With reference to ‘Eco-Sensitive Zones’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
(1). Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 .
(2). The purpose of the declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human activities, in those zones except agriculture.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements:
(1). Animal Welfare Board of India is established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
(2). National Tiger Conservation Authority is a statutory body.
(3). National Ganga River Basin Authority is chaired by the Prime Minister.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

Consider the following:
1). Star tortoise
2). Monitor lizard
3). Pygmy hog
4). Spider monkey

Which of the above are naturally found in India?

Which of the following can be found as pollutants in the drinking water in some parts of India?

1). Arsenic
2). Sorbitol
3). Fluoride
4). Formaldehyde
5). Uranium

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Consider the following animals
1). Sea cow
2). Sea horse
3). Sea lion

Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?

Consider the following pairs:
1. Nokrek Bio-Sphere Reserve : Garo Hills
2. Logtak (Loktak) Lake : Barail Range
3. Namdapha National Park: Daphla Hills
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses as a part of an ecological succession because of

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?

Under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers [Recognition of Forest Rights] Act, 2006, who shall be the authority to initiate the process for determining the nature and extent of individual or community forest rights or both?

Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste?

1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Plutonium

Select the correct answer using codes given below.

Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by

With reference to food chains, in ecosystems, consider the following statements:

1. A food chain illustrates the order in which a chain of organisms feed upon each other.
2. Food chains are found within the populations of a species.
3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each organism which are eaten by others.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following pairs:
National Park River flowing through the Park
1. Corbett National Park : Ganga
2. Kaziranga National Park : Manas
3. Silent Valley National Park : Kaveri
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

Consider the following organisms:
1. Agaricus
2. Nostoc
3. spirogyra
Which of the above is/are used as biofertilizer/biofertilizers?

Which of the following adds/add nitrogen to the soil?

1. Excretion of urea by animals
2. Burning of coal by man
3. Death of vegetation

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque found in its natural habitat?

1. Tamil Nadu
2. Kerala
3. Karnataka
4. Andhra Pradesh

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Which of the following is / are unique characteristic / characteristics of equatorial forests?

1. Presence of tall closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy
2. Coexistence of a large number of species
3. Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes

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Consider the following fauna of India :

1. Gharial
2. Leatherback turtle
3. Swamp deer

Which of the above is/are endangered?

Many transplanted seedlings do not grow because

Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss?

1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves or no leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

How does National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) help in protecting the Indian agriculture?
(1). NBA checks the biopiracy and protects the indigenous and traditional genetic resources.
(2). NBA directly monitors and supervises the scientific research on genetic modification of crop plants.
(3). Application for Intellectual Property Rights related to genetic/biological resources cannot be made without the approval of NBA.
Which of the statements given is/are correct?

Consider the following kinds of organisms:
1) Bacteria
2) Fungi
3) Flowering Plants
Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as biopesticides?

Consider the following statements:
Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone depleting substances, are used
1) in the production of plastic foams
2) in the production of tubeless tyres
3) in cleaning certain electronic components
4) as pressurizing agent in aerosol cans
which of the statement given above is/are correct?

A. particular State in India has the following characteristics:
1) It is located on the same latitude which passes through northern Rajasthan.
2) It has over 70% of its area under forest cover.
3) Over 12% of forest cover constitutes Protected Area Network in this State.
Which one among the following States has all the above characteristics?

With reference to the wetlands of India, consider the following statements:
1) The country's total geographical area under the category of wetlands is recorded more in Gujarat as compared to other States.
2) In India, the total geographical area of coastal wetlands is larger than that of inland wetlands.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The acidification of oceans is increasing. Why is this phenomenon a cause of concern?
1) The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected.
2) The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected.
3) The survival of some animals that have phytoplanktonic larvae will be adversely affected.
4) The cloud seeding and formation of clouds will be adversely affected.
Which of the statements given above is /are correct?

Consider the following areas:
1) Bandipur
2) Bhitarkanika
3) Manas
4) Sunderbans
Which of the above are Tiger Reserves?

In which one among the following categories of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biomass?

Consider the following kinds of organisms:
1) Bat
2) Bee
3) Bird
Which of the above is/are pollinating agent/agents?

Which of the following can be threats to the biodiversity of a geographical area?
1) Global warming
2) Fragmentation of habitat
3) Invasion of alien species
4) Promotion of vegetarianism
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Consider the following:
1) Black-necked crane
2) Cheetah
3) Flying squirrel
4) Snow leopard
Which of the above are naturally found in India?

Consider the following agricultural practices:
1) Contour bunding
2) Relay cropping
3) Zero tillage
In the context of global climate change, which of the above helps/help in carbon sequestration/storage in the soil?

The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this Phenomenon?