UPSC IAS - 2015

In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species?

Year Asked: 2015

A
Tropical moist deciduous forest
B
Tropical rain forest
C
Tropical thorn scrub forest
D
Temperate forest with grasslands

Correct Answer

A. Tropical moist deciduous forest

Detailed Explanation

Teak (Tectona grandis) is the classic dominant species of the tropical moist deciduous forest, which covers the largest share of India's forest area. It thrives on well-drained soils with annual rainfall of about 100 to 200 cm and a marked dry season. Central India, the Western Ghats' eastern slopes, Chhota Nagpur and parts of the Eastern Ghats are its heartland, and the species is often mixed with sal, bamboo and Terminalia.

  • B (Tropical rain forest): These are evergreen, wet zones in the Western Ghats, the Andamans and the North-East. Teak is not dominant there, because the canopy is multi-layered and evergreen.
  • C (Tropical thorn scrub): This is xerophytic vegetation of western Rajasthan, Gujarat and Punjab, dominated by Acacia, Prosopis and Euphorbia. Rainfall is too low for teak.
  • D (Temperate forest with grasslands): Himalayan forests of oak, conifers and rhododendron, with alpine meadows, have no teak.

This sits under the Champion and Seth classification of forest types, which is useful for Geography and Environment, and it links to India State of Forest Report data on forest cover and species distribution.

Trap: Aspirants see teak in the Western Ghats and pick rain forest, or see it in dry deciduous areas and pick thorn scrub. Teak is dominant in moist deciduous forests, though it also appears in dry deciduous ones.

This question appeared in UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper-1.

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