With reference to the 'Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (CACSA)', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1) GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015. 2) Membership of GACSA does not create any binding obligations. 3) India was instrumental in the creation of GACSA. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Only statement 2 is correct, so the answer is B. The core concept is the nature of voluntary climate platforms in agriculture, and the syllabus link is India's climate commitments under the UNFCCC framework, a recurring Mains theme on food security versus climate adaptation.

• Statement 1 is wrong. GACSA was launched at the UN Climate Summit in New York in September 2014, convened by the UN Secretary-General. It was not an outcome of the Paris summit of 2015, which produced the Paris Agreement under the UNFCCC.
• Statement 2 is correct. GACSA is a voluntary multi-stakeholder platform of governments, farmer groups, researchers and private actors. Membership creates no legally binding obligations.
• Statement 3 is wrong. India was not among the instrumental founders of GACSA and has not been a driving force behind it. Its climate-smart agriculture work runs through national missions and its own institutions.

Trap: Aspirants see 'climate' and 'Paris 2015' together and assume GACSA came from the Paris process. Check the launch year and venue before you tick statement 1.