UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 PYQs, 2016-2026

Right to privacy relating to self-identity is very dear to every human being and well protected under Article 2 of the Constitution. In this context, examine the effect of the amendment in 2026, to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 209.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"Women as a class neither belong to a minority group nor are they regarded as forming a backward class." In the light of this statement, discuss the evolution of women's reservation from local bodies to Parliament.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Examine whether the constitutional office of the Lok Sabha Speaker has become vulnerable to partisan politics under the current anti-defection regime. What institutional changes are required to ensure the neutrality of the Lok Sabha Speaker in managing a polarised House?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Is the right to vote a fundamental right? Discuss the position of the Election Commission of India while undertaking the revision of electoral rolls. Can it, also examine the question of citizenship of voters?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Do constitutional bodies like the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) possess adequate enforcement powers to secure substantive social equality? Suggest measures to enhance their institutional effectiveness.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Does India's tribal development policy reflect the aspirations for a socially grounded and equity-based governance? Justify your answer.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Malnutrition in India is not merely a public health concern; it is also a challenge of social equity, human development and effective welfare governance. Discuss.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Analyse the advantages and limitations of the generalist structure of the Indian Civil Services in contemporary governance.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

"IPMDA (Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness) bridges the gap between India's SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision and the Quad's collective Indo-Pacific strategy." Make a critical assessment of the statement focusing on IPMDA.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

"BRICS acts as a powerful counterweight in global governance, actively amplifying the voice and influence of the Global South." Explain the role of BRICS in projecting itself as an alternative to other groupings.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the position of the Governor in the federal polity of India. What is the nature of his power while giving assent to a bill passed by the State Legislature? Is he bound by the aid and advice of his Council of Ministers in all his functions?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

What is meant by judicial legislation? In this context, discuss the verdicts of the apex court allowing "passive euthanasia" and a "living will".

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

How far has the Indian federal framework been successful in accommodating regional and cultural diversities? Highlight the role of asymmetric federalism and suggest measures to make dispute resolution mechanisms more effective.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Examine how the separation of powers is practised in India compared to the rigid presidential model of the United States of America. In this context, compare the actual authority of the Indian Prime Minister with that of the President of the USA.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

To what extent do pressure groups, social movements and corporate lobbies deepen pluralistic democracy in India by representing excluded interests? Analyse whether the growing convergence of corporate wealth and political power poses a threat to the autonomy of formal democratic institutions.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

"Transparency and accountability in governance are not about controlling corruption but about creating the trust of stakeholders in the policy process by following the Rule of Law and Participatory Governance." Comment.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

Can the constitutional mandate of rights-based welfare be effectively realised in the context of non-integrated governance and minimal public investment? Examine.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

Should education be treated primarily as a welfare obligation of the state or as a strategic investment for building a globally competitive, knowledge-driven nation? Critically evaluate.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

"India's global diaspora acts as a living bridge, as a critical economic factor and knowledge network in transforming cultural heritage into geopolitical influence and strategic leverage worldwide." Critically examine this statement.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

"China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has transformed South Asia from a regional space into a theatre of great power competition." Analyse the strategic implications of the BRI for India's security and regional influence in South Asia.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss the 'corrupt practices' for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase in the assets of the legislators and/or their associates, disproportionate to their known sources of income, would constitute undue influence and consequently a corrupt practice. (150 words/10 marks)

Polity & Constitution

Comment on the need of administrative tribunals as compared to the court system. Assess the impact of the recent tribunal reforms through rationalization of tribunals made in 2021. (150 words/10 marks)

Polity & Constitution

Compare and contrast the President's power to pardon in India and in the USA. Are there any limits to it in both the countries? What are preemptive pardons? (150 words/10 marks)

Polity & Constitution

Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. (150 words/10 marks)

Polity & Constitution

The Attorney General of India plays a crucial role in guiding the legal framework of the Union Government and ensuring sound governance through legal counsel. Discuss his responsibilities, rights and limitations in this regard. (150 words/10 marks)

Polity & Constitution

Women's social capital complements in advancing empowerment and gender equity. Explain. (150 words/10 marks)

Social Justice

e-governance projects have a built-in bias towards technology and back-end integration than user-centric designs. Examine. (150 words/10 marks)

Governance

Civil Society Organizations are often perceived as being anti-State actors than non-State actors. Do you agree? Justify. (150 words/10 marks)

Governance

India-Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate. (150 words/10 marks)

International Relations

"With the waning of globalization, post-Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism." Elucidate. (150 words/10 marks)

International Relations

"Constitutional morality is the fulcrum which acts as an essential check upon the high functionaries and citizens alike..." In view of the above observation of the Supreme Court, explain the concept of constitutional morality and its application to ensure balance between judicial independence and judicial accountability in India. (250 words/15 marks)

Polity & ConstitutionModel answer & what aspirants miss

Indian Constitution has conferred the amending power on the ordinary legislative institutions with a few procedural hurdles. In view of this statement, examine the procedural and substantive limitations on the amending power of the Parliament to change the Constitution. (250 words/15 marks)

Polity & ConstitutionModel answer & what aspirants miss

Discuss the evolution of collegium system in India. Critically examine the advantages and disadvantages of the system of appointment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India and that of the USA. (250 words/15 marks)

Polity & Constitution

Examine the evolving pattern of Centre-State financial relations in the context of planned development in India. How far have the recent reforms impacted the fiscal federalism in India? (250 words/15 marks)

Polity & Constitution

What are environmental pressure groups? Discuss their role in raising awareness, influencing policies and advocating for environmental protection in India. (250 words/15 marks)

Governance

Inequality in the ownership pattern of resources is one of the major causes of poverty. Discuss in the context of 'paradox of poverty'. (250 words/15 marks)

Social Justice

"In contemporary development models, decision-making and problem-solving responsibilities are not located close to the source of information and execution defeating the objectives of development." Critically evaluate. (250 words/15 marks)

Governance

The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has to address the challenges faced by children in the digital era. Examine the existing policies and suggest measures the Commission can initiate to tackle the issue. (250 words/15 marks)

Social Justice

"Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India's foreign policy, and is linked with India's overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries." How would you integrate energy security with India's foreign policy trajectories in the coming years? (250 words/15 marks)

International Relations

"The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved, because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance." Examine and critically evaluate the East-West policy confrontations in this regard. (250 words/15 marks)

International Relations

Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation – one election” principle.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats And Arbitration Tribunals. Whether they entertain civil as well as criminal cases?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

“The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy:” Elucidate.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

“The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety.” Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Analyse the role of local bodies in providing good governance at local level and bring out the pros and cons merging the rural local bodies with the urban local bodies.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

Public charitable trusts have the potential to make India’s development more inclusive as they relate to certain vital public issues. Comment.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

Poverty and malnutrition create a vicious cycle, adversely affecting human capital formation. What steps can be taken to break the cycle?

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

‘The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain and as a strategically to counter China’s political and economic dominance.” Explain this statement with examples.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Critically analyse India’s evolving diplomatic, economic and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs) highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

What are the aims and objects of recently passed and enforced, The Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024? Whether University/State Education Board examinations, too, are covered under the Act ?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the constitution. Explain. In this reference discuss the law relating to D.N.A. testing of child in the womb to establish its paternity.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-Stare relations? Suggest measures to be adopted to build the trust between the Centre and the States and for strengthening federalism.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world’s most powerful judiciary ?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss India as a secular state and compare with the secular principles of the US constitution.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

The Citizens’ charter has been a landmark initiative in ensuring citizen-centric administration. But it is yet to reach its full potential. Identify the factors hindering the realisation of its promise and suggest measures to overcome them.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketisation of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

e-governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery process. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-governance.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

‘Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security.’ Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat at the international level.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and/energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition?

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

"Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy." Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Who are entitled to receive free legal aid ? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially." Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

The crucial aspect of development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features ?

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO'. In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating the problems.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

"The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society." Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid 1990s.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women's effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of Indian Parliament?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

"Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discrimi- natory in approach." Do you agree ? Give reasons for your answer.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

Skill development programmes have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement analyse the linkages between education, skill and employment.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well for India.' What is your opinion about this statement ? Give reasons and examples to support your answer.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos' Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting environment and enhancing maritime safety and security.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

"The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court." Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute." Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

To what extent, in your opinion, has the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the role of the Vice-President of India as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 206 remains only a legal ' document without intense sensitisation of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.' Discuss India's role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation?

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 95. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss the essential conditions for exercise of the legislative powers by the Governor. Discuss the legality of re-promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

"While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of State autonomy." Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are elected.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of the society. Discuss.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting incentive-based system for children's education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

How will 12U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India's position in global politics?

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Clean energy is the order of the day.' Describe briefly India's changing policy; towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Constitutional Morality' is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of 'Constitutional Morality' with the help of relevant judicial decisions.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the States to improve their fiscal position?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

"Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India." Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary precondition for sustainable development." Analyze.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

"'Earn while you learn' scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful." Comment.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken. through microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

"If the last few decades were of Asia's growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa's." In the light of this statement, examine India's influence in Africa in recent years.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union." Explain.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging an FIR and conducting probe within a particular State is being questioned by various States. However, the power of the States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special reference to the federal character of India.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Right to Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Has digital illiteracy, particularly in rural areas, coupled with lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) accessibility hindered socio-economic development? Examine with justification.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

"Though women in post-Independent India have excelled in various fields, the social attitude towards women and feminist movement has been patriarchal." Apart from women education and women empowerment schemes, what interventions can help change this milieu?

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. What importance does it hold for India?

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China's ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

"There is a need for simplification of procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act". Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"Recent amendments to the Right to Information Act will have profound impact on the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission". Discuss.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

The judicial systems in India and UK seem to be converging as well as diverging in recent times. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two nations in terms of their judicial practices.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Once a Speaker, Always a Speaker' ! Do you think this practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implications for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care policies are needed particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

"Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance". In this context suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

"The emergence of Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e-Governance as an integral part of government". Discuss.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the Covid-19 pandemic.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries'. Comment with examples.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Indian Constitution exhibits centralising tendencies to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Judicial Legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of Separation of powers as envisaged in the Indian Constitution. In this context justify the filing of large number of public interest petitions praying for issuing guidelines to executive authorities.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

The strength and sustenance of local institutions in India has shifted from their formative phase of 'Functions, Functionaries and Funds' to the contemporary stage of 'Functionality'. Highlight the critical challenges faced by local institutions in terms of their functionality in recent times.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a 'useless stepney tyre' to the most useful supporting organ in past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in' which this transformation could be visible.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

Which steps are required for constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

"The incidence and intensity of poverty are more important in determining poverty than based on income alone." In this context analyse the latest United Nations Multidimensional Poverty Index Report.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

"Micro-Finance as an anti-poverty vaccine, is aimed at asset creation and income security of the rural poor in India". Evaluate the role of the Self Help Groups in achieving the twin objectives along with empowering women in rural India.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goal-4 (2030). It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically examine the statement.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

'Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad)' is transforming itself into a trade bloc from a military alliance, in present times. Discuss.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

What is the significance of Indo-US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Do you think that Constitution of India does not accept principle of strict separation. of powers rather it is based on the principle of 'checks and balance'? Explain.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"The Central Administrative Tribunal which was established for redressal of griev- ances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority." Explain.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

What are the methods used by the farmers' organisations to influence the policy- makers in India and how effective are these methods?

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, 'Principle of Federal Supremacy' and 'Harmonious Construction' have emerged. Explain.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

What can France learn from the Indian Constitution's approach to secularism?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Despite Consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development elusive.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-food essential items squeezing their food-budget. — Elucidate.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based Projects/Programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors, and suggest measures for their effective implementation.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnership that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.' Comment.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Too little cash, too much politics, leaves UNESCO fighting for life.' Discuss the - statement in the light of US' withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being 'anti-Israel bias'.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

On what grounds a people's representative can be disqualified under the Representa- tion of Peoples Act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his disqualification.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

"Parliament's power to amend the Constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power." In the light of this statement explain whether Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic Structure of the Constitution by expanding its amending power?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

"The reservation of seats for women in the institutions of local self-government has had a limited impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian Political Process." Comment.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

"The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India." Discuss.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Individual Parliamentarian's role as the national law maker is on a decline, which in turn, has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

In the context of neo-liberal paradigm of development planning, multi-level planning is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages.' — Discuss.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent: component of development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in motion a culture of 'collaboration' and 'team spirit'. In the light of statements above examine India's development process.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so effective due to absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of policy process. — Discuss.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global - order.' Elaborate.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

"What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India's national self-esteem and ambitions.' Explain with suitable examples.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the trustworthiness of elections in India?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Whether National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) can enforce the implementation of constitutional reservation for the Scheduled Castes in the religious minority institutions? Examine.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Under what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play." Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of his appointment as well as the range of powers he can exercise.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"Policy contradictions among various competing sectors and stakeholders have resulted in inadequate 'protection and prevention of degradation' to environment." Comment with relevant illustrations.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

Appropriate local community-level healthcare intervention is a prerequisite to achieve 'Health for All' in India, Explain.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

E-governance is not only about utilization of the power of new technology, but also much about critical importance of the 'use value' of information. Explain.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

"India's relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back." Discuss.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India's joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Whether the Supreme Court Judgement (July 2018) can settle the political tussle between the Lt. Governor and elected government of Delhi? Examine.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

How far do you agree with the view that tribunals curtail the jurisdiction of ordinary courts? In view of the above, discuss the constitutional validity and competency of the tribunals in India.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

India and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenets on which the two political systems are based.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

How is the Finance Commission of India constituted? What do you know about the terms of reference of the recently constituted Finance Commission? Discuss.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Assess the importance of the Panchayat system in India as a part of local government. Apart from government grants, what sources the Panchayats can look out for financing developmental projects?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Multiplicity of various commissions for the vulnérable sections of the society leads to problems of overlapping jurisdiction and duplication of functions; Is it better to merge all commissions into an umbrella Human Rights Commission? Argue yOUr case.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

How far do you agree with the view that the focus on lack of availability of food as the main cause of hunger takes the attention away from ineffective human development policies in India?

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

The Citizens' Charter is an ideal instrument of organizational transparency and accountability, but it has its own limitations. Identify the limitations and suggest measures for greater effectiveness of the Citizens' Charter.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of 'Trade War', especially keeping in mind the interest of India?

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation?

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

"The local self-government system in India has not proved to be effective instrument of governance." Critically examine the statement and give your views to improve the situation.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Critically examine the Supreme Court's judgement on 'National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014' with reference to appointment of judges of higher judiciary in India.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"Simultaneous election to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government's accountability to the people." Discuss.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

How do pressure groups influence Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as more powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years?

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

Discuss the role of Public Accounts Committee in establishing accountability of the government to the people.

Polity & Constitution · 150 words · 10 marks

"To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation and hygiene needs the identification of the beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes." Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme.

Governance · 150 words · 10 marks

Does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 ensure effective mechanism for empowerment and inclusion of the intended beneficiaries in the society? Discuss.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

Hunger and poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement.

Social Justice · 150 words · 10 marks

"China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia." In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it.

International Relations · 150 words · 10 marks

Explain the salient features of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016. Do you think it is efficacious enough "to remove cascading effect of taxes and provide for common national market for goods and services"?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding joint session of the two Houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reason thereof.

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful?

Polity & Constitution · 250 words · 15 marks

Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

"The emergence of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the State from developmental activities." Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

"Poverty alleviation programmes in India remain mere showpieces until and unless they are backed up by political will." Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programmes in India.

Social Justice · 250 words · 15 marks

Initially Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality and effectiveness, which seems to be lacking in the present context. Do you agree with the view that drastic reforms are required in Civil Services? Comment.

Governance · 250 words · 15 marks

The question of India's Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India's economic progress. Analyze India's energy policy cooperation with West Asian countries.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Indian diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries' economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian diaspora in South-East Asia in this context.

International Relations · 250 words · 15 marks

Discuss the essentials of the 69" Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any, that have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected representatives and the institution of the Lieutenant Governor in the administration of Delhi. Do you think that this will give rise to a new trend in the functioning of the Indian federal politics?

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks

To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note "Temporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir", temporary? Discuss the future prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity.

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks

"The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes." Discuss.

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks

Exercise of CAG's powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and the States is derived from Article 49 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Government's policy implementation could amount to overstepping i its own (CAG) jurisdiction.

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks

Discuss each adjective attached to the word 'Republic' in the 'Preamble'. Are they defendable in the present circumstances?

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks · Model answer & what aspirants miss

What was held in the Coelho case? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key importance amongst the basic features of the Constitution?

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks

Did the Government of India Act, 1935 lay down a federal constitution? Discuss.

Polity & Constitution · 200 words · 12½ marks

What is a quasi-judicial body? Explain with the help of concrete examples.

Governance · 200 words · 12½ marks

Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance?

Social Justice · 200 words · 12½ marks

"In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been only marginal." Critically examine this statement.

Governance · 200 words · 12½ marks

"Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people's participation in the governance system are inter-dependent." Discuss their relationship in the context of India.

Governance · 200 words · 12½ marks

In the integrity index of Transparency International, India stands very low. Discuss briefly the legal, political, economic, social and cultural factors that have caused the decline of public morality in India.

Governance · 200 words · 12½ marks

Has the Indian governmental system responded adequately to the demands of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization started in 1991? What can the government do to be responsive to this important change?

Governance · 200 words · 12½ marks

"Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India." Comment.

Governance · 200 words · 12½ marks

Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy and throw light on the status of its implementation.

Social Justice · 200 words · 12½ marks

Demographic Dividend in India will remain only theoretical unless our manpower becomes more educated, aware, skilled and creative." What measures have been taken by the government to enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive and employable?

Social Justice · 200 words · 12½ marks

"The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalization. But the Doha round of negotiations seem doomed due to differences between the developed and the developing countries." Discuss in the Indian perspective.

International Relations · 200 words · 12½ marks

Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India's Look East Policy in the context of the post Cold War international scenario.

International Relations · 200 words · 12½ marks

"Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of several member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)." Explain with suitable examples.

International Relations · 200 words · 12½ marks

What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of the UNESCO? What is India's position on these?

International Relations · 200 words · 12½ marks