UPSC Mains Anthropology Optional PYQs, 2016-2026

Health as a cultural construct

Canalization and catch-up growth

Myth as oral literature

Genetic polymorphism and natural selection

Ethnoarchaeology and classical archaeology

What is meant by a somatotype? Discuss the Heath-Carter anthropometric method, giving its advantages over that of Sheldon's method. How can somatotyping be applied in sports sciences?

20 marks

How do religious beliefs help people to devise cultural mechanisms to adapt to their environment? Discuss in detail with appropriate examples.

5 marks

How is the theory of structuralism helpful in understanding the concepts of caste and gender?

5 marks

How do the concepts of power, authority, legitimacy and social control change with changing political organization? Discuss in detail giving suitable examples.

20 marks

Human evolution is a product of both biological and cultural factors. Elaborate.

5 marks

Give the distribution of Palaeolithic sites around the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan areas, highlighting the typo-technologies of the tools.

5 marks

Discuss the phylogenetic status, characteristic features, geographical distribution and lifeways of Paranthropus.

20 marks

Discuss 'incest taboo' as the basis of development of kinship systems in human societies.

5 marks

Numerical chromosomal aberrations can be due to abnormalities in autosomes as well as sex chromosomes. Elaborate in terms of the effects these have on human body, giving suitable examples.

5 marks

Ethics in anthropological fieldwork

Distinguishing features of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA

Feminist movement and family.

Anthropometry in ergonomics

Thermoluminescence dating method / 3 [ P.T.O.

How would you find out that a particular disease/disorder is inherited and, if so, in which manner? Elaborate with suitable examples.

20 marks

Critically discuss how culture determines human behaviour in the light of Leslie White's theory.

5 marks

What are Strepsirhini Primates? Describe their geographical distribution and mention the characteristics that distinguish them from Haplorhini Primates.

5 marks

Discuss the mixed method approach in anthropological research.

20 marks

What do you understand by fertility and mortality? How are these influenced by biological and socio-ecological factors?

Write a detailed note on the characteristic features, chronology, geographical distribution, tool types and lifeways of Magdalenian cultural tradition of Europe.

Compare Edmund Leach's structuralism with interpretive anthropology of Clifford Geertz.

20 marks

In what manner is our understanding of serogenetics and cytogenetics useful in reproductive biology? What are the major ethical issues involved in reproductive technology?

5 marks

Discuss, with appropriate examples, how basic personality types may lead towards building up of national character.

Dravidian language family and its tribal speakers.

10 marks

Seed Eaters Model of hominid differentiation.

10 marks

Bhagat movement.

10 marks

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of the islands.

10 marks

Kumar Suresh Singh's contribution in studying tribal movements.

10 marks

What are the major debates related to the concept of jajmani system?

20 marks

Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan aims to meet some of the Sustainable Development Goals'. Discuss.

5 marks

What are the evidences available regarding crops and domesticated animals of Indus Valley Civilization? What are the views of the scholars regarding Indus script?

5 marks

Critically examine the salience of F. 6. Bailey's study on Bisipara village of. Odisha.

20 marks

Discuss the impact of Christianity on the tribal population of Jharkhand.

Discuss with examples, how general comparative analogy has been used for ethnoarchaeological studies in India.

5 marks

Write an account on the contribution of Verrier Elwin in developing policies for the tribal populations in post-independent India.

20 marks

Why the classifications of Indian populations, based on somatometric and somatoscopic characteristics failed to develop a common understanding of the population diversity?

15 marks

Make a critical appraisal of Niyamgiri movement against mining-induced displacement.

5 marks

Buddhist tribes of India.

10 marks

Debate regarding the phylogenetic position of Narmada Man.

10 marks

Article 37lA of the Indian Constitution.

10 marks

Nature-Man-Spirit-Complex.

10 marks

Contribution of L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer in Anthropology.

Make a critical appraisal of the mesolithic culture of Ganga basin with reference to artifacts, faunal and human skeletal remains excavated from different sites.

20 marks

Discuss the impact of democratic institutions on the tribal populations of India.

5 marks

Write an account on the prevalence of sickle cell disease among the tribal populations of India. What are the initiatives undertaken by the affected states to tackle with this disease?

Assess the contribution of colonial scholars' in studying the tribal populations of North-East India.

20 marks

Does caste as a social category exist among the non-Hindu communities in India? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples..

5 marks

Write an account on Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST).

5 marks

Make a critical appraisal of Surajit Sinha's line of argument that tribes and castes may not be isolated social categories, but are a part of the great Indian civilization.

20 marks

What are the major challenges tribal communities are facing in contemporary India?

5 marks

What are the provisions given in the Constitution of India for the safeguard of the: Scheduled Caste populations?

15 marks

Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits..

10 marks

Theoretical significance of Purum kinship-system.

10 marks

Osteodontokeratik culture and its makers.

10 marks

Smell as a signal among non-human primates.

10 marks

Culture and embodiment.

10 marks

Discuss the Miocene hominoid remains and their significance in evolution.

20 marks

Compare and contrast the symbolic approaches of Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner to understand culture.

15 marks

How political economy is integrated with ecological and adaptability perspectives in bio-cultural anthropology?

15 marks

How anthropologists assess the nutritional status of a community? Discuss the significance of intersectionality of ecology, culture, and social inequality in the study of nutritional anthropology.

20 marks

Critically examine the drawbacks in assuming culture as an 'integrated-closed' system in understanding of contemporary society.

15 marks

Differentiate between pedigree and genealogical analyses. Discuss the history and application of these methods in anthropological studies.

15 marks

Anthropology provides a multidimensional understanding of human beings by bridging the gap between science and humanities. Elucidate.

20 marks

Write a note on Mousterian tool tradition, Mousterian culture and its makers.

15 marks

Critically examine James Frazer's theory of evolutionism. Elucidate the place of religion in modernity.

15 marks

Evolutionary significance of menopause.

10 marks

Fission track dating method and its applications.

10 marks

Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution.

10 marks

Foetal origin of adult diseases and contribution of David Barker.

10 marks

What are genetic markers? Discuss their applications in understanding population variation, disease association and forensics.

20 marks

"The agenda of biological anthropology became more scientific from the middle of the twentieth century." Justify.

15 marks

Describe briefly the theoretical perspectives in linguistic anthropology to explain the relationship of culture, language and thought.

15 marks

How the study of variation in forms of marriage led to rethinking on the concepts of social reproduction, kinship and family?

20 marks

What are the major theories proposed in support of the origin of food production? How the change in subsistence economy brought revolution during this period?

Critically discuss the centrality of the African continent in the narrative of human evolution.

15 marks

How the theories of postmodernism are relevant in promoting social justice and empowerment of marginalised communities?

20 marks

Genome-wide Disease Association Studies (GWAS) advanced our understanding, of health and disease.' Discuss.

15 marks

Examine the utility of human remains in forensic analysis. Discuss the facial reconstruction technique.

15 marks

Soanian cultural' tradition

Caste domination, factionalism and political power

Regionalism and Autonomy

Verrier Elwin's philosophy with respect to Arunachal Pradesh

Characteristics and communication between Little and Great Traditions

Discuss the palaeoanthropological significance of Siwaliks of India giving its subdivisions, fossil primate fauna and major primate fossil localities.

20 marks

Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar's classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain.

5 marks

Evaluate the impact of Christianity on Scheduled Tribe societies of North-East India.

Describe the distinctive features and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic of India.

20 marks

Examine the environmental and biocultural factors influencing the health of tribals of India.

5 marks

Highlight the significant contributions of B. S. Guha, Irawati Karve and S. R. K. Chopra to Indian Anthropology.

What are the different types of caste mobility in India? Highlight the various factors responsible for it.

20 marks

Elucidate the role of demographic and social factors for population growth in India.

5 marks

Critically examine the concept of Scheduled Tribe (ST) and mention the limitations of administrator's criteria.

5 marks

Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal communities of India

Taxonomic status of Ramapithecus in the light of Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus controversy

Tribalism and Pseudotribalism

Varnashrama and its contemporary relevance

Lothal dockyard and international trade relations

"The village was not merely a place where people lived; it had a design in which were reflected the basic values of Indian civilization." Who said this? Elaborate. 20 [ P.T.O.

Discuss the role of NGOs in the socioeconomic and political development of weaker sections and the manner in which they facilitate other stakeholders.

5 marks

Trace the history and describe the methods of formulating the lists of OBCs, both at the State and National levels.

Identify the contemporary limitations in the process of tribal development. How can anthropological knowledge contribute in this process?

20 marks

Discuss the rising ethnic conflicts in India and propose their possible remedial measures.

Critically evaluate the concept of Nation-State and describe its impact on indigenous societies.

Describe the nature of traditional socioeconomic interdependence among the Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula tribes of Nilgiri Hills. Highlight the changes occurring in these interrelationships.

20 marks

Define minority. Elaborate the patterns of linguistic and religious minorities in India.

What are the identifying criteria for PVTGs in India? Examine their current status, nomenclature and distribution.

Attributes of culture

Critical perspective on avoidance and joking relationship

Lethal and sublethal genes

Hemoglobin in health and disease

Discuss historical particularism as a critical development to the classical evolutionism.

Describe the evidences of food production and domestication of animals with special reference to Mehrgarh. Throw light on its significance.

15 marks

Critically comment on the lifestyle diseases and their impact on human health.

15 marks

What is meant by karyotype? How does its analysis help in diagnosis of the chromosomal aberrations in man?

20 marks

Define urbanization and discuss its impact on family in India with examples.

15 marks

Discuss the contemporary challenges in fieldwork method in anthropological research.

15 marks

Critically discuss the characteristics of the psychological types in the cultures of the American South-West as observed by Ruth Benedict.

20 marks

Discuss the Acheulian and Oldowan traditions of Indian Paleolithic cultures with suitable illustrations.

15 marks

What is genetic counselling? Briefly discuss various steps involved in it.

15 marks

Cultural relevance of the Kula

Heritability and its estimation

Authority and forms of political organization

Single-gene mutation disorders in man

Discuss the geographical distribution of Homo erectus. Taking into account its physical features, where does it fit in human evolutionary line?

20 marks

Discuss the applications of forensic anthropology with suitable examples.

15 marks

How does Lévi-Strauss look at the Tsimshian myth of Asdiwal? Critically discuss Lévi-Strauss' theory of structuralism in the light of his study of mythologies.

15 marks

Critically explain the notion of 'deconstruction' in the light of the postmodern works of Jacques Derrida.

20 marks

What is a multifactorial trait? Illustrate your answer with suitable human examples.

15 marks

Discuss the applicability of various sampling techniques in selecting the study group.

15 marks

Examine critically the concept of social stratification as a basis for sustaining social inequality.

20 marks

Describe the genetics and inheritance patterns of the ABO and Rh blood groups in man.

15 marks

Critically discuss the synergistic effect of biological and cultural factors in human evolution.

15 marks

Digitisation of rural economy

10 marks

Origin of State Societies

10 marks

Artisan tribes of Jharkhand

10 marks

Causes of stunting and wasting among tribal children

10 marks

edtsh at afar snfen saordia age (dish) eat per set at Critically discuss the recent welfare measures initiated by the Government for the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). Comment why PVTGs were erroneously called Primitive Tribal Groups

How is PESA Act empowering local self-governance and impacting women's political participation?

15 marks

Deconstruct the colonial history of Indian Anthropology highlighting the critical role played by the Indian Anthropologists in sustaining its autonomy.

15 marks

Critically describe evidences from Rakhi Garhi and its linkages to Compare civilization.

Compare and contrast the approaches of L.P. Vidyarthi to social change in village India.

Examine the impact of Forest Policies from 1878 to 2006 on land alienation and deprivation of rights of tribal communities in India.

15 marks

What are the ethical concerns in biological andsocio-cultural anthropology because of recent advances in AI and genetic research?

20 marks

Write an essay on the life history of tribal activist and freedom fighter Birsa Munda. What was the impact of his sacrifice on tribal society?

15 marks

What are the demographic challenges of India's changing population dynamics in the next 50 years?

15 marks

Describe ILO's Convention No. 169 (1989) on Indigenous and Tribal people. Is India a signatory to it?

10 marks

Agricultural practices of the Apatani.

10 marks

Status of Sixth Schedule Areas

10 marks

Constitutional Safeguards for Backward Classes

10 marks

Custodians of natural resources are the tribals, but they are the most deprived. Critically examine how climate change will impact their survival in future.

20 marks

Elucidate the difference between secularism, religiosity, religious fundamentalism and spiritualism from an anthropological perspective.

15 marks

of the Lodha tribe.

15 marks

Critically examine existing paradigms of holistic health for the marginalised sections of society drawing inferences from COVID-19 pandemic.

20 marks

Discuss the theories on origin of caste system and its criticism in India. Differentiate between caste, class and race.

15 marks

Elucidate the resurgence of ethno-nationalism from an anthropological lens.

15 marks

Describe the important Paleolithic sites from South India with suitable examples. What is the significance of South Indian Paleolithic cultures?

20 marks

Distinguish a 'Theocratic State' from a secular, liberal, democratic state. Illustrate your answer with examples from tribal and contemporary societies.

15 marks

Discuss the economic, social and developmental impacts on tribal communities with special reference to mining.

15 marks

Scope and relevance of Social and Cultural Anthropology

10 marks

Cultural impact of Iron Age 10 (c) Feet AMT Fora Race and Ethnicity

10 marks

Customary laws and Environmental conservation

10 marks

Gene expression

10 marks

Discuss major species of Australopithecus discovered from South and East Africa. Describe the discovery, physical features and significance of Discuss baby.

Discuss the Paleolithic environment in light of available evidences with special reference to India.

15 marks

Elucidate the different forms of malnutrition. Describe protein-calorie malnutrition with suitable examples.

15 marks

What is hominization process? Discuss the major trends in human evolution with the help of suitable examples and illustrations.

20 marks

How did Clifford Geertz look at religion? Differentiate between anthropological and psychological approaches to the study of religion.

15 marks

What is mixed-longitudinal method of studying human growth? Discuss its merits and demerits.

15 marks

Discuss the role of marriage regulations in traditional societies in India for strengthening social solidarity.

20 marks

Discuss various methods of personal identification based on skeletal remains.

15 marks

Identify the major Mesolithic sites and describe the typo-technological features with special reference to India.

15 marks

Prehistoric significance of Rakhigarhi

10 marks

Menopausal symptoms

10 marks

William Ogburn and Cultural lag

10 marks

Critically discuss the controversies related to fieldwork of Bronislaw Malinowski and Margaret Mead.

20 marks

Discuss the impact of globalization on the economic systems of indigenous communities.

15 marks

Describe the practical applications of DNA technology in the current scenario.

15 marks

Describe various methods of qualitative data analysis. Highlight some popular computer softwares used in qualitative analysis.

20 marks

What assumptions must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium? Explain the importance of genetic equilibrium.

15 marks

Discuss political and methodological aspects of national character studies. Elucidate the contemporary relevance of such studies.

15 marks

cultural economy.

20 marks

Describe the causes of structural abnormalities of chromosomes with suitable examples.

15 marks

Critically discuss A.L. Kroeber's contribution to kinship studies.

15 marks

Cote eae Peat i= » gee nag

Material culture and archaeology

Jajmani system: continuity and change

Prehistoric rock arts from Uttarakhand

Religious pluralism and social solidarity

"Tribes are backward Hindus." Critically comment with reference to the contributions of G. S. Ghurye.

"Indus Valley was the first settlement of the big civilization." Comment critically.

15 marks

Discuss the basic tenets of Jainism and its impact on Indian society.

15 marks

"Sanskritization is a culture-bound concept." Critically comment to assess the strength and limitation of this concept in developing a theoretical framework to study social change.

20 marks

F Was Mesolithic culture the first step towards sedentary way of life? Illustrate your answer by citing suitable examples.

15 marks

Critically examine the impact of modern democratic institutions on contemporary tribal societies. Illustrate with suitable ethnographic examples.

15 marks

Elucidate the problems faced by Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups and the major challenges in the formulation of special programmes for their development.

20 marks

peoples of India.

15 marks

Is caste mobility a recent phenomenon? Discuss in the light of Indological and Empirical context.

15 marks

Scheduled areas

Village as little republic

Dravidian languages and their subgroups

Karma and Rebirth

Is annihilation of caste possible? Discuss the future of caste system in the light of various proactive measures taken by the Indian State.

20 marks

Distinguishing between ethnic identity and ethnicity, discuss the factors responsible for ethnic conflict in tribal areas.

15 marks

"Siwalik deposits show a variety of Neogene fossil primates." Critically examine.

15 marks

Elucidate the shifting terrains of India's tribal policies in colonial and post-colonial periods.

20 marks

TASTE Critically examine how the displacement of tribal communities due to hydroelectric river dam projects has affected the women in local context.

Elucidate the role of anthropology in nation building. Illustrate with suitable examples.

15 marks

Discuss the distribution of tribes in different geographical regions of India. Identify the distinct institutional features of tribal societies of these regions.

20 marks

Critically evaluate the contributions of S. C. Roy to Indian anthropology.

15 marks

How are Other Backward Classes identified? Enumerating the important features, elucidate the recent changes in their social and economic life.

15 marks

Mesolithic rock art in Indian subcontinent

10 marks

Radcliffe-Brown's ideas on status, role and institution

10 marks

Pedigree analysis in genetic counselling

10 marks

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)

"Anthropology is the systematic, objective and holistic study of human kind in all times and places". Elaborate the argument.

20 marks

Discuss different forms of primate social organisation.

15 marks

Discuss with suitable examples the typo-technological problems in Indian palaeolithic industry with reference to environmental hypotheses.

15 marks

Discuss how the rules of descent contradict the principles of residence in matrilineal society, mentioning suitable examples?

20 marks

Enumerate the evidence of animal domestication in Indian microlithic industry.

ara fran 4 frase & ear a aaftra frag St fraser Fifa Should we still distinguish between 'classic' and 'progressive' Neanderthals? Discuss the controversy surrounding Neanderthal's position in human evolution.

Why Heath and Carter used anthropometric measurements instead of photographs of an individual to assess the somatotype? Elaborate their method.

20 marks

Discuss the historical and cultural contexts that led to superseding ethnocentrism with cultural relativism in anthropology.

15 marks

Critically examine various anthropological interpretations about the Kula Ring.

15 marks

Balanced and transient genetic polymorphism.

10 marks

Genetic imprinting in human diseases.

10 marks

Stages of human pre-natal development.

10 marks

Shaman, sorcerer and medicine man.

10 marks

Household and domestic group.

10 marks

Atty Discuss the mechanism of social control in different kinds of political systems.

What is meant by health? Is the burden of life style diseases on the rise? Justify your answer with suitable examples.

15 marks

Critically evaluate the reasons of reduction in age at menarche in human females over the successive generations.

15 marks

Discuss the role of evolutionary forces in creating human diversity.

20 marks

Write the historical development of field work tradition in anthropology till recent times.

15 marks

afar oe vat Fife Discuss the approaches of Leslie White, Julian Steward and Marshall Sahlins in the light of cultural evolution.

15 marks

Discuss the contemporary population problems in the light of various socio-cultural demographic theories.

20 marks

What do you understand by blood group systems? How is HLA system different from those based on red cell antigens?

15 marks

Discuss how anthropological knowledge of the human body may be used in designing equipments and articles of human use.

15 marks

(a) we & ada Pit-dwellers of Kashmir

Dharma versus Religion

Safeguards for linguistic minorities in India

Illustrate the contribution of Irawati Karve to Indian Anthropology. Make a special mention of her literary contribution.

20 marks

What are the arguments for excluding Narmada Man from Homo erectus category?

15 marks

Make a critical appraisal of Megalithic tradition in India with special reference to North-East India.

20 marks

Assess the contributions of S. C. Dube in Indian village studies.

15 marks

Describe the methods adopted by Sir Herbert Hope Risley in classifying Indian populations. What are the criticisms against Risley's classification?

15 marks

"Globalisation, on one hand has provided opportunities and on the other hand thrown challenges to Indian villages." Elucidate.

20 marks

Describe briefly the proto-history of Gujarat. Discuss the significance of Gujarat proto-history in international trade.

15 marks

Critically examine 'Indigenisation of Christianity' in India.

15 marks

Regionalism as an opportunity and threat to national integration

Issues of tribal agricultural labourers

Major problems of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups

Role of the Governor in the Fifth Schedule areas

Discuss the objectives of Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDPs). How far have these objectives been achieved?

20 marks

Compare the functioning of traditional 'Tribal Council' with that of 'Gram Sabha' under PESA.

Explain how British policies impacted the major resources of the tribals.

15 marks

tribal populations. What are the policies of the Government of India towards Indian tribal populations?

20 marks

Discuss the issues and solutions related to the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe populations in India.

15 marks

Explain the social and religious consequences of contact between tribal and non-tribal populations.

15 marks

Compare the nature of tribal movements between North-East and Central India. Briefly mention the current status of existing tribal movements in these areas.

20 marks

Briefly describe the anthropological perspective on development. How have anthropologists contributed in India's rural development?

15 marks

How can a balance be struck between livelihood concern and environmental degradation in the context of shifting cultivation?

15 marks

Animism and Deep Ecology

10 marks

Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory

10 marks

Historical Particularism and Franz Boas

10 marks

"The bio-cultural approach is the hallmark of Biological Anthropology." Explain.

10 marks

What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo erectus? Discuss its phylogenetic status.

20 marks

Elucidate the concept of "thick description" of Clifford Geertz with a suitable example.

15 marks

Describe the features of early farming cultures and Neolithic of the Near Kast.

How do political organisations of simple societies establish power, authority and legitimacy?

20 marks

Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution.

15 marks

Discuss the salient features of different traditions of European Mesolithic.

15 marks

Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate its uniqueness in the field of other social sciences.

20 marks

Mention the major branches of linguistic anthropology and discuss language use in social and cultural settings.

15 marks

"Chromosomal aberrations can play havoc with the human body and mind." Explain with suitable examples.

15 marks

Human adolescent growth spurt

10 marks

The losses and gains of erect posture

10 marks

Is race a valid and biologically meaningful concept?

10 marks

Modes of Subsistence

10 marks

sat Ate What is acclimatization? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude and cold climate.

20 marks

How are the cases of disputed paternity solved? Discuss the recent techniques.

15 marks

Critically evaluate Lewis Morgan's classification of family.

15 marks

Critically evaluate different types of social stratifications with suitable examples.

20 marks

Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity.

15 marks

What is Anthropometry? Discuss its role in assessing the nutritional status and sports capability of a person.

15 marks

Discuss various tools of data collection in conducting anthropological research.

20 marks

Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging.

15 marks

Explain the structural analysis of kinship as proposed by Lévi-Strauss.

15 marks

Purushartha and righteous living today

Relevance of tribe-caste continuum

Caste and social capital

Factionalism and politics in rural India

Critically discuss the origin of Indus Valley Civilization. Mention the evidences of its endogenous origin from the pre-Harappan sites.

20 marks

Give the distribution and characteristic features of Upper Paleolithic culture in India.

15 marks

Discuss the morphological features and phylogenetic position of Ramapithecus.

5 marks

Explain the impact of the concept of nature-man-spirit complex on sustainable use of natural resources with suitable examples.

20 marks

Examine the contributions of 9. C. Roy in highlighting the role of customary laws in tribal life.

Critically assess the impact of Christianity on tribal culture and identity.

Discuss the contributions of N. K. Bose in understanding tribal communities and their place in Indian civilization.

20 marks

Discuss the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions in transforming traditional power hierarchy in rural India.

Elucidate the problems and challenges in educational attainment of the Scheduled Tribes.

Urbanization and tribal institutions

Ethnic media and social awareness

Cultural diversity and multiculturalism

Concept of tribe and Indian census

Politics of recognition and deprivation Discuss 3 [ P.T:O,

Discuss the impact of the Forest Rights Act (2006) on the livelihood and culture of tribal people in India.

20 marks

Examine the factors responsible for malnutrition in tribal India and suggest interventions required to overcome the problem.

5 marks

Delineate the factors influencing fertility in Indian population.

5 marks

Explain the impact of successive Land Acquisition Acts on tribal social organization.

20 marks

Discuss the problems involved in rehabilitation and resettlement of tribals displaced due to development projects in India.

5 marks

Discuss the interventions made by the Non-Governmental Organizations for empowering tribal women.

Examine how structural transformation in economy is affecting traditional social relationships in agrarian society.

20 marks

Delineate the constitutional safeguard for religious minorities in India.

5 marks

Identify the causes of tribal unrest with special reference to North-East India.

Human rights and Cultural relativism

10 marks

Victor Turner and Liminality

10 marks

Jane Goodall's contributions in studying primate behaviour

10 marks

Critically evaluate the contesting theories of the emergence and dispersal of modern Homo Sapiens.

Discuss Erving Goffman's concept of total institutions and its relevance in contemporary society.

15 marks

Differentiate between Lower Palaeolithic culture and Middle ' Palaeolithic culture with suitable examples.

15 marks

ANTE Explain the impact of feminist movement on universality of marriage and family structure.

20 marks

Critically examine the demographic and epidemiological consequences with rise in food production and sedentism.

15 marks

Elucidate how Darwin and Post-Darwin theories of evolution resulted in the development of Synthetic theory of evolution.

15 marks

Discuss various anthropological approaches to the study of personality and culture.

20 marks

Illustrate with examples the various types of locomotion patterns among the non-human primates.

15 marks

How is the construct of power linked to the notion of conspicuous consumption and its impact on distributive justice?

15 marks

Racism and Eugenics

10 marks

Ethics and Genetic engineering

10 marks

Secular trend in human growth can be positive, negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples.

20 marks

Describe the impact of infectious diseases on indigenous populations.

15 marks

How may numerical aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to genetic disorders?

15 marks

Explain how variations in language usage is related to social inequality.

20 marks

Describe the biocultural responses to extreme climatic events.

15 marks

How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations?

15 marks

How can synergising the core branches of anthropology reinvigorate the holistic spirit of the discipline?

20 marks

What are the applications of human genomic research in human welfare?

15 marks

How have interpretation and presentation of data changed from classical to contemporary writings in anthropological texts?

15 marks

Contribution of Robert Bruce Foote to Indian Archaeology

10 marks

Debates on 'Aryan' invasion

Contribution of K. 8. Singh to Indian Anthropology

10 marks

Dravidian languages

10 marks

"Khap'

10 marks

Discuss the impact of Islam on Indian Society.

20 marks

Discuss the contribution of 9. N. Misra to Archaeological Anthropology in India.

15 marks

Elucidate the linguistic classification of Indian tribes.

15 marks

Discuss the characteristics of caste system in India.

20 marks

Discuss the importance of Ethnoarchaeology in reconstructing the Past citing Indian examples.

15 marks

Explain the impact of Hinduism on Tribal people of India.

15 marks

Explain the reasons of caste violence in India with suitable examples.

20 marks

Discuss the impact of Globalization on Indian villages.

15 marks

Describe the provisions under 6th Schedule of Indian constitution.

15 marks

Concept of Sanskritisation

10 marks

Concept of 'Dominant' caste

10 marks

Linguistic minorities in India

10 marks

Concept of Ethnicity

10 marks

What are the Social and Political problems of religious minorities in India?

20 marks

Describe the functions of Tribal Research Institutes in India.

5 marks

Discuss the effect of job reservation in alleviating unemployment among the tribal people of India: 5 3

Explain the impact of development-induced displacement among the tribal people in India with suitable examples.

20 marks

Discuss the characteristic features of 'Neolithic culture' in India.

5 marks

Critically evaluate the state of implementation of the constitutional safeguards for the scheduled castes.

5 marks

Discuss the regionalism and demand for autonomy in India from Anthropological perspective with respect to Kashmir/Nagaland/Bodoland/Gorkhaland agitation.

20 marks

Elucidate the problems of land alienation among the tribals of India.

15 marks

Describe the different settlement patterns in rural India.

15 marks

The relationship between Linguistics and Social-Cultural Anthropology

10 marks

Cultural Materialism

10 marks

Relative Dating Methods

10 marks

Discuss the evolutionary significance of bipedalism and erect posture.

20 marks

How did Radcliffe-Brown and Levi-Strauss study kinship in terms of social structure?

15 marks

Elucidate Mesolithic culture and associated rock art with examples from India.

15 marks

Discuss social stratification according to any three major approaches.

20 marks

"Europeans are closer to Neanderthals." Critically discuss in view of the African origin of humankind.

15 marks

Discuss briefly the major traditions in the Upper Palaeolithic culture of Europe.

15 marks

With reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric characteristics commonly used for racial classification, make critical comments as to whether 'Race' is a valid concept.

20 marks

Critically explain the anthropological approaches to religion.

15 marks

Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphism. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations.

15 marks

Adaptive primate radiation

10 marks

Implications of mutation in evolution

10 marks

Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction oe

Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth 'es

Examine critically the contributions of Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz in anthropology.

20 marks

"Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature." Discuss with reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate.

15 marks

Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and demerits.

15 marks

Discuss how indigenous people encounter globalization.

20 marks

"Applied human genetics has come to touch every sphere of human life." Discuss in light of recent advances in molecular anthropology.

15 marks

Evaluate participant observation in producing anthropological knowledge.

15 marks

Discuss with examples the Megalithic culture of India in the } archaeological context.

20 marks

Discuss the bio-cultural factors influencing fertility in light of the relationship between fecundity and fertility.

15 marks

Discuss phenomenology as a research method in anthropological studies.

15 marks

Phylogenetic position and morphological features of Ramapithecus.

Ethno-archaeological analysis of hunting activities of contemporary tribal communities.

Distribution of Tibeto-Burman group of languages in India.

Use of doctrine of Karma and rebirth in justifying the Varna system.

The Jajmani system and contemporary market economy.

Describe the Palaeolithic culture with special reference to Soanian tradition. Indicate the problems of describing the Indian Palaeolithic.

20 marks

What has been the contribution of tribal people to the Indian Independence movement?

Describe the impact of Buddhism on the tribal populations of India.

What kind of society may be reconstructed from the archaeological evidences of Harappan culture?

20 marks

Discuss the impact of media on the social life of Indian villages.

5 marks

Critically assess the existing plans and programmes meant for tribal welfare.

Give an account of the contributions of Iravati Karve and 8. S. Guha to the analysis of race and caste in India.

20 marks

What has been the impact of development projects on the environment and livelihood of forest-dwelling tribes?

5 marks

Identify some special programmes for particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups (erstwhile PTGs).

Ethnicity and regionalism.

Panchayati Raj as a facilitator of social inclusion in rural society.

10 marks

Anthropological understanding of communalism.

Issues relating to tribal education.

Distribution of Neolithic sites in India.

10 marks

Identify the theoretical concepts that have emerged out of village studies in India.

20 marks

Critically discuss the role of NGOs in tribal development.

5 marks

Describe the impact of industrialization on the economic and social aspects of: India's villages.

Discuss how the elements of Little and Great Traditions combine in the emergence of social/political/religious movements, giving any one example to illustrate the issue.

20 marks

Write about the role of colonial administration in the development of Anthropology in India.

5 marks

What are the salient issues faced by pastoral communities in India? Discuss with suitable examples.

5 marks

Discuss with appropriate examples how tribal unrest may be understood as emerging out of an incompatibility between tribes and the nation-state.

20 marks

What has been the impact of non-Hindu religions on the emancipation of Schedule Castes in India?

5 marks

What are the constitutional safeguards to protect the interests of the Indian tribes?

5 marks

Difference between Science and Magic

10 marks

Town Planning of Harappan Culture

10 marks

Kinship Terminology

10 marks

Ways of Acquiring Mate in Tribal Society

10 marks

Explain the biological changes that made human beings capable of making culture.

20 marks

How does customary law function in the tribal society? Discuss its different sources.

15 marks

What do you understand by the National Character Study? Illustrate.

Define ethnography and present a brief history of ethnographic studies.

20 marks

Give an account of the consequences of food production of Neolithic culture.

15 marks

Critically examine that the structure and content of language are influenced by culture.

15 marks

How is case study method helpful in understanding a social phenomena? Explain with suitable example.

20 marks

Describe the culture related to Homo erectus.

15 marks

Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy.

Gordon Childe's Theory of Cultural Evolution

10 marks

Advanced Molecular Anthropology Techniques

10 marks

Categorize Genes that influence Human Survival.

10 marks

Race is a Myth. Justify its Present Day Relevance.

10 marks

Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed

Explain the mechanisms of human variation in gene frequencies.

20 marks

Do Allen's rule and Bergmann's rule hold for human populations? Explain with examples.

15 marks

Explain the impact of discovery of iron technology on contemporary society.

15 marks

Describe the mechanisms for structural anomalies of autosomes with diagrams.

20 marks

Sate Describe the principles of radiocarbon dating. Mention its limitations.

15 marks

Narrate evolution of disease and major causes of ill health in human populations.

15 marks

Distinguish between adaptation, adaptability and acclimatization with examples.

20 marks

Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian populations, Is

Give an account of the field methods used in the study of Archaeological Anthropology.

Distinctive cultural features of tribes of Andaman islands

10 marks

Philosophy behind Purwsharthas ]0

Endangered Languages i0

OBCs among non-Hindu communities LO

Ethnoarchaeology as a research strategy LO

Explain the contribution of tribal cultures to Indian civilization.

20 marks

Describe the salient features of Sivapithecus.

Discuss the impact of market economy on rural villages.

Examine the regional variations of mesolithic cultures of India.

20 marks

Based on historical and contemporary evidences discuss the future of caste system m India.

15 marks

Examine the colonial administrators' view that Indian villages can be considered as 'little republics'.

5 marks

Explain the impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian society.

20 marks

What are the various factors influencing population growth in India? Discuss.

Discuss the view that caste is not social stratification, but a system of hierarchy, L5

Youth donmitory as an institution

10 marks

Tribe and scheduled tribe

10 marks

Agranan social structure

10 marks

The impact of Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas IO

Compare and contrast the economic typology of tribes given by different anthropologists.

20 marks

Discuss the contribution of 8. C. Roy in the study of tribal cultures in India.

5 marks

Examine the advancement made in the land acquisition and rehabilitation Act of 2013 over the land acquisition Act of 1894.

Critically examine the contributions of Makhan Jha and 8. N. Roy to the study of sacred complexes in India.

Discuss the various factors resulting in tribal unrest in various parts of India.

15 marks

Discuss the salient features of PESA Act of 996 and attempt a comparison with the features of the VI Schedule.

Examine the strengths and weaknesses of anthropology in the context of its role in tribal and rural development.

20 marks

Explain the significance of tribe-caste continuum in the present context.

15 marks

Discuss the significance and implementation of 'Recognition of Forest Right's Act 2006'.

Bilineal and bilateral descents

Difference between religion and magic

Basic tenets of structural-functionalism

Non-verbal communication

Discuss the development of the concept of culture in Anthropology.

20 marks

Elucidate the determinants of Kinship terminology.

15 marks

Discuss the different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples from tribal societies in India.

15 marks

Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies.

20 marks

Mention the characteristic features of band with suitable examples.

With the help of appropriate examples, explain the various forms of exchange system.

15 marks

Explain Ruth Benedict's patterns of culture.

20 marks

Elucidate the basic characteristics of anthropological fieldwork methods.

15 marks

Critically examine the Stewardian view of neo-evolutionism.

15 marks

Hardy-Weinberg law

Salient features of Mesolithic culture

Concept of race

Anthropology and designing of equipments

Define Anthropology. Describe the major branches of Anthropology elaborating on any one branch.

20 marks

Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss their evolutionary significance.

15 marks

What are dating methods? Discuss one absolute method and one relative method in detail.

15 marks

Briefly describe the various methods used in the genetic study of man.

20 marks

Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses.

15 marks

Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility and mortality.

15 marks

What are the methods of personal identification? Critically examine how personal identification helps in criminal investigations.

20 marks

Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits and demerits.

15 marks

Neolithic cultures of South India.

Austro-asiatic linguistic groups in India.

10 marks

Nature-man-spirit complex.

10 marks

Discuss the contribution of Nirmal Kumar Bose to the understanding of Indian society.

20 marks

Describe the salient features of chalcolithic cultures of the Deccan.

15 marks

Critically discuss the constitutional safeguards for the Scheduled Castes.

15 marks

Discuss the impact of market economy on the Jajmani system.

20 marks

Describe the salient features of Ramapithecus.

15 marks

Discuss the social, political and economic status of Muslims in India.

Explain how Buddhism influenced the economic and cultural transformations of Indian society.

Describe various aspects of trade and religion of Harappan civilization.

Discuss the impact of media as an instrument of social change.

15 marks

Indebtedness among tribal communities.

10 marks

Ethnicity and regionalism.

10 marks

Other Backward Class.

10 marks

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier known as PTG).

10 marks

Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes.

10 marks

Describe the impact of displacement on the health and nutritional status of tribal communities.

20 marks

Discuss the emergence, salient features and limitations of Tribal sub-plan.

15 marks

Give a critical evaluation of any one anthropological village study in India.

15 marks

Critically evaluate the term 'tribe' (as used in India) as compared to the term 'indigenous' in some other countries..

20 marks

Discuss the impact of Panchayati Raj institution on the empowerment of rural women in India.

Give a critical appraisal of any one tribal development programme during XIIth Five-Year plan. Give your suggestions for any improvement in the programme.

15 marks

Give your assessment of the reasons for the imbalance in the sex-ratio in India

Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditions in the understanding of Indian archaeology.

15 marks

Discuss the contribution of anthropology in understanding the loss of livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors.

15 marks

Differences between Social Anthropology and Sociology

10 marks

Lineage and Clan

10 marks

Delineate the salient features of Chalcolithic cultures.

15 marks

Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movements on family in India.

20 marks

According to Geertz, how does the cock-fight reveal aspects of Balinese culture?

15 marks

Describe the cardinal points of descent and alliance theories.

20 marks

Discuss different social control mechanisms in simple societies.

15 marks

Critically examine different Anthropological-approaches to Religion.

15 marks

Discuss the principles governing production, distribution and exchange in simple societies.

20 marks

How do the concepts of binary opposites and exchange figure in Levi-Strauss' structural analysis of kinship?

Describe the evolution of fieldwork tradition in Anthropology.

15 marks

Neolithic Cultures of India

10 marks

Fertility and Fecundity

10 marks

Forensic Anthropology

10 marks

Elucidate the biological and cultural factors in human evolution.

15 marks

Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation ofraces.

15 marks

Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings.

20 marks

Critically discuss the Mendelian principles and their application to human populations.

15 marks

Explain the significance of screening and counselling for genetic disorders.

15 marks

Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of

Describe the role of Anthropology in designing defence and other equipments.

Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations of human beings to different environments.

20 marks

Explain the skeletal changes due to erect posture and their implications.

15 marks

Significance of Mesolithic findings from Belan Valley

Linguistic elements in Indian population

Relevance of caste in contemporary Indian politics

Impact of Jainism on Indian society

Ethno-archaeological evidences for the survival of hunting-gathering traditions in India

Write about the contribution made by Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf to tribal anthropology in India.

20 marks

Delineate the salient characteristics of 'Narmada Man' and examine its Discuss significance.

5 marks

Discuss how cultural diversity of Indian tribes has enriched its plural traditions.

Examine the structural and cultural theories of caste system in India.

20 marks

Give a critical assessment of 'Negrito Problem' in India.

Describe the traditional patterns of settlement of Indian villages.

5 marks

Give a detailed appraisal of skeletal remains from Chalcolithic culture of undivided Punjab.

20 marks

How is process of tribe-caste continuum different from Sanskritization? Comment.

Compare the contribution of L. P. Vidyarthi and D. N. Majumdar to the study of Indian tribes.

The role that regionalism plays in demand for autonomy among Indian tribes

Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes

Impact of industrialization on scheduled tribe population of Jharkhand

Tribe as a colonial construct

Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements

Explain Indian village as a social system with suitable examples.

20 marks

Examine the nature of interplay of little and great traditions in the context of globalization.

Explain the difficulties experienced by scheduled tribes with regard to implementation of the 'Recognition of Forest Rights Act, 2006'.

Examine the factors responsible for the exploitation of scheduled castes in India.

20 marks

Discuss the impact of Islam on scheduled tribes of India.

Describe how various tribal development programmes and plans have impacted the process of social transformation among tribes.

5 marks

Write in detail various provisions provided by the Constitution of India for the. scheduled tribes under Vth and Vith Schedules.

20 marks

Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of. scheduled tribes in Central India.

5 marks

Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural development.