Who said? “Tilak is the father of Indian unrest,”

Correct answer: A) V. Chirol. Valentine Chirol, foreign editor and chief correspondent of The Times of London, wrote the book 'Indian Unrest' (1910), where he called Bal Gangadhar Tilak 'the father of Indian unrest'. The line reflects the British official view that nationalist agitation was a conspiracy rather than a political demand.

Why the others are wrong:

• B) Louis Fischer was an American journalist and biographer of Gandhi. He had no link to this remark on Tilak.
• C) Webb Miller was an American press correspondent who reported on Indian events, but he did not coin this phrase.
• D) Lord Reading was Viceroy of India from 1921 to 1926. A British official in a position of power would not be the author of a judgement on Tilak as a 'father of unrest' in this sense.

The core concept is the colonial narrative of 'unrest' versus the nationalist idea of Swaraj. This links to the Moderates-Extremists split of 1907, Tilak's Home Rule League (1916) and the 'Swaraj is my birthright' slogan, all useful for Modern History and Mains answers on the rise of mass nationalism.

Trap: Aspirants often pick a famous British official or a well-known Gandhi biographer because the name sounds authoritative. Attribution questions like this are won by linking the quote to the book in which it appeared.