Who among the following presided the Karachi Session of Indian National Congress(1931)?

The answer is C, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. The Karachi Session of the INC, held in March 1931 just after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, was presided over by Patel. It is a favourite question because the session is remembered for its resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme, which later shaped the thinking behind the Constitution's Part III and the socialist-leaning Directive Principles.

Why the others are wrong:

• A) S.C. Bose: He presided over the Haripur session in 1938 and was elected again in 1939 at Tripuri. He was not president in 1931.
• B) Pattabhi Sitaramayya: He became Congress president in 1948 (Jaipur session), not at Karachi in 1931.
• D) Sardar Kishan Singh: He was a freedom fighter and Bhagat Singh's father, but never held the Congress presidency.

Mains angle: the Karachi resolution is a useful reference point for the evolution of the Congress's social and economic agenda in the 1930s.

Trap: Aspirants who remember Patel as a leader of the 1931 Gandhi-Irwin period often mix up the session's presidency with Gandhi's role in the pact. Gandhi attended but was not the president.