If the given statements (I) and (2) are true, which of the two conclusions I and II will follow from the Statements? Statements: (1) Some ministers are teachers. (2) All teachers are scholars. Conclusions: I. Some ministers are scholars. II. All scholars are teachers.

Work it in two steps. Statement 1 says some ministers are teachers. Statement 2 says every teacher is a scholar. So the ministers who are teachers must also be scholars, which means some ministers are scholars. Conclusion I follows.

Conclusion II reverses the second statement. 'All teachers are scholars' does not mean 'all scholars are teachers'. Scholars could be lawyers, historians or researchers outside teaching. The converse of a universal affirmative is not valid, so II does not follow.

• Option A is correct: only Conclusion I follows.
• Option B fails because II is a converse, which is invalid.
• Option C fails because II does not hold.
• Option D fails because I follows through the middle term 'teachers'.

The core concept is the syllogism with a middle term, and the rule that you cannot reverse an 'All A are B' statement. This habit of rule-based reasoning also helps in Mains essay and ethics answers, where unwarranted generalisations cost marks.

Trap: Aspirants assume that because teachers and scholars are linked, the link runs both ways, and pick C.