By which Constitutional Amendment the number of Central Ministers has been limited to 15% of the total number of members of Lok Sabha?

The correct answer is A) 91st Amendment, enacted in 2003. It inserted clause (1A) in Article 75, which caps the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, at 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha. Clause (1B) adds that a member who is disqualified under the Tenth Schedule (anti-defection law) cannot be appointed a Minister. The same amendment applied the 15% cap to state legislatures through Article 164(1A), with a minimum of 12 members for small states.

Why the others are wrong:

• B) 92nd Amendment (2003): It added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali to the Eighth Schedule, taking the total number of scheduled languages to 22. It has nothing to do with the size of the Council of Ministers.
• C) 90th Amendment (2003): It dealt with the representation of Scheduled Tribes in the Assam Legislative Assembly in the Bodoland Territorial Areas. It did not touch Article 75.
• D) None of the above: Incorrect, since option A is correct.

Core concept: this is a check on the size of the Union Council of Ministers, aimed at curbing 'bloated' ministries that were used to buy political support during coalition politics. For Mains, link it to anti-defection law, coalition governance and the debate on the efficiency of the executive.

Trap: aspirants often pick the 92nd Amendment because it is also from 2003 and is often remembered alongside the 91st. Remember that 91st is about ministers and defection, and 92nd is about languages.