India’s first National Action Plan on climate change was released in

The correct answer is A) 2008 A D. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was unveiled by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 30 June 2008. It is built on eight national missions, such as the National Solar Mission, the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat and the National Mission for a Green India, each run by a line ministry.

Why the others fail:

• B) 2012: By then the missions were already under implementation. The year does not mark the plan's release.
• C) 2014: A change of government happened in 2014, but the plan predates it by six years.
• D) 2015: The 2015 commitments were India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted before Paris COP21. That is a different document.

Core concept: the NAPCC is India's umbrella climate policy framework. It sits under Environment and Ecology and Science and Technology in the Prelims syllabus. For Mains, link it to GS-3 on renewable energy, mitigation and adaptation, and the move from national missions to the Paris-era commitments.

Trap: aspirants mix up the NAPCC with the 2015 INDCs and pick D, or assume a major policy must be linked to 2014 and pick C.