Which country of the world is building an alternate capital to save its citizens from natural disaster?

The best fit here is Philippines (B). The idea of an alternate or relocated capital to reduce disaster exposure is most associated with Indonesia, which moved its capital from Jakarta to Nusantara in Borneo because of flooding, land subsidence and earthquake risk. Indonesia is not among the options, so the question is weaker than it looks. Among the given choices, the Philippines is the one with a live plan: New Clark City in Tarlac was developed as a planned, disaster-resilient hub to take pressure off congested Metro Manila, which sits in a typhoon- and earthquake-prone zone.

• Armenia (A): no comparable relocation of its capital is in the public record.
• Vietnam (C): Hanoi remains the capital; there is no disaster-driven capital shift.
• Thailand (D): Bangkok's flood problem is well known, but no formal alternate capital has been built for that purpose.

The core concept is disaster-resilient urban planning and decongestion of primate cities, a recurring Mains theme on climate adaptation and urban governance. Facts about new capital projects have changed since 2016, so verify current status before relying on it.

Trap: aspirants pick Indonesia-type logic and get stuck, or assume a city that is merely vulnerable is already building a replacement capital.