In Which of the following years, ‘National Land Records Modernization Program’ was launched?

The correct answer is A) 2008 AD. The National Land Records Modernization Programme was announced in the Union Budget of 2008-09 and launched that year under the Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development. It merged the earlier Computerisation of Land Records scheme and the Strengthening of Revenue Administration scheme, and its aims were digitisation of record-of-rights, computerised registration, completion of cadastral surveys and re-surveys, GIS-based mapping, and a move toward title guarantee.

• B) 2009: Not the launch year. The programme was already under way by then.
• C) 2010: Not the launch year. Later phases and revised guidelines came after 2008.
• D) 2011: Not the launch year. Nothing in 2011 marks the start of the scheme.

The core concept is land governance and title certainty, which links to Mains GS-III (agriculture, credit access) and GS-II (governance, e-governance). Note that the scheme was renamed the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) in 2016, so a question framed in today's terms may use that name.

Trap: Aspirants who associate the programme with Digital India, or with the 2016 renaming, often pick 2016 or the nearest later year. The question asks for the launch year, which is 2008.