In which of the following years, the Jatiya Sarkar was formed in the Midnapur district of Bengal?

The answer is D (1942). The Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar, the National Government of Tamluk in Midnapore district, was proclaimed on 17 December 1942, during the Quit India Movement. Local Congress workers, many of them from the Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar's Bengal base, had already been active after the 1942 cyclone and flood, when people in the region refused to pay the Chowkidari and other taxes. The Sarkar ran its own administration, courts, and relief work until it was wound down in September 1944 after Gandhi advised the Congress to withdraw from such parallel governments.

• A) 1939: The Congress ministries resigned in 1939 over the British declaration of war, but no Jatiya Sarkar existed then.
• B) 1940: Individual Satyagraha began in October 1940. It was a nationwide campaign, not the formation of a parallel government.
• C) 1941: Subhas Chandra Bose escaped from India in January 1941, which is a separate event.

This is a Modern India question on the Quit India Movement and its regional phases. For Mains, the Jatiya Sarkar is a good example of how local mass movements carried the struggle beyond the central leadership.

Trap: Candidates often confuse the Jatiya Sarkar with the Azad Hind Government of 1943 or the 1942 date of the broader Quit India movement. Remember that the Tamluk Sarkar was formed in December 1942.