The Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in which India, was inducted as a full member was held at

The correct answer is D, Astana. India and Pakistan were formally admitted as full members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization at the Astana summit in June 2017. The city was renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019 and reverted to Astana in 2022, so older sources may use the other name.

• Ufa (2015): This summit launched the accession process for India and Pakistan, with memoranda signed, but membership came later.
• Dushanbe (2014): Tajikistan hosted an SCO summit in 2014, which was not the induction summit.
• Tashkent (2016): Uzbekistan hosted the 2016 summit, a step in the accession formalities, not the induction itself.

The core concept is the SCO's expansion process, which requires a step-by-step procedure from observer to full membership. For Mains, this connects to India's Central Asia outreach, the International North-South Transport Corridor, and Chabahar.

Trap: Candidates often pick Ufa because it is the summit most closely tied to India's SCO accession news, but that was the starting point, not the point of full membership.