Consider the following statements regarding G-20 summits: a) The 12th G-20 summit was held in Germany. b) The 13th G-20 summit will be held in China. c) The 14th G-20 summit will be held in Japan. Of the above the correct statements are:

Statements a and c are correct, so the answer is B. The G20 leaders' summit began in 2008 after the financial crisis, and the numbering follows the sequence of summits. The 11th was Hangzhou, China (2016). The 12th was Hamburg, Germany (July 2017), so statement a is correct. The 13th was Buenos Aires, Argentina (November 2018), so statement b is wrong. The 14th was Osaka, Japan (June 2019). Japan's hosting had been announced by the time of the exam, so statement c is correct for the question as framed.

• Statement b: China hosted the summit in 2016, not the 13th one. Argentina hosted the 13th.
• Option A and option C: both include b, which is false.
• Option D: includes b, which is false.

The core concept is the G20's rotating presidency, which sets the host country and the summit order. This links to the Mains theme of India's role in the G20, including its 2023 presidency and the 18th summit in New Delhi. The rotation has since moved on, with Saudi Arabia (15th), Italy (16th), Indonesia (17th) and India (18th) hosting later summits.

Trap: Aspirants often confuse China's 2016 hosting (the 11th summit) with the 13th summit and select option A or D.