The 10th BRICS' Summit 2018 was held in which of the following countries?

The correct answer is B) South Africa. The 10th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg, from 25 to 27 July 2018, under South Africa's chairship. The theme was 'BRICS in Africa: Collaboration for Inclusive Growth and Shared Prosperity in the Fourth Industrial Revolution'.

The rotating chairship is the thing to remember here. Each member hosts in turn, and the sequence is Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (the BRICS order in the acronym). Knowing the sequence helps you place any summit year.

• Brazil hosted the 6th Summit (Fortaleza, 2014) and the 11th (Brasilia, 2019).
• Russia hosted the 7th (Ufa, 2015) and the 16th (Kazan, 2024).
• China hosted the 9th (Xiamen, 2017) and the 14th (virtual, 2022).

The grouping's Mains relevance lies in the New Development Bank (headquartered in Shanghai) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement, both launched in the 2014 Fortaleza Summit. These are useful for questions on alternatives to Bretton Woods institutions and India's South-South engagement. Since 2024 the grouping has expanded to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the UAE, with more members added in 2025. The 2018 answer is unaffected by this.

Trap: candidates often pick China, since it hosted the summit of 2017 and is the most visible BRICS partner. Memorising the rotation order is safer than relying on recall of a single year.