Which of the following Articles was inserted by the 42 nd Constitution Amendment to provide for the participation of workers in management?

The answer is D, Article 43A. It sits in Part IV, the Directive Principles of State Policy, and says the State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or otherwise, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry. The 42nd Amendment (1976) inserted it, reflecting the socialist and industrial-democracy strand of the Directives.

Why the others fail:

• Article 38 is the general directive to promote welfare and reduce inequalities. It was in the original Constitution, and its second clause came later through the 44th Amendment, not on worker management.
• Article 39A provides equal justice and free legal aid. The 42nd Amendment did insert it, but it has nothing to do with industry.
• Article 45 originally covered free and compulsory education for children up to 14. The 86th Amendment (2002) changed its focus to early childhood care and education.

Mains connection: the 42nd Amendment's role in strengthening the Directives and the debate on the balance between Part III and Part IV.

Trap: aspirants pick 39A because the 42nd Amendment is the clue, and forget that the amendment inserted several Directive Principles. Match the subject, not just the amendment.