Which among the following hosted ‘Global Vaccine Summit’ on 4th June, 2020?

The correct answer is A) United Kingdom. The Global Vaccine Summit of 4 June 2020 was a virtual pledging event hosted by the UK government, working with Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to raise funds for Gavi's next five-year cycle (2021-2025) and for vaccine access in poorer countries. It was held when COVID-19 had made vaccine development and equitable distribution urgent.

• United States: Wrong. The US was not the host, and it was not a participant in Gavi funding in the way this question implies.
• India: Wrong. India is a major vaccine manufacturer and a large Gavi beneficiary, but it did not host this summit.
• China: Wrong. China was not the host and had no role as summit organiser.

The core concept is global health governance: Gavi pools donor money to buy and deliver vaccines to low-income countries. This links to the Mains theme of India's role in global health, COVAX and vaccine nationalism.

Trap: Candidates pick the US or China because of their vaccine-development headlines in 2020. Ask who convened the pledging event, not who made the vaccines.