Which among the following became the first Arab Nation to launch the Mars Mission in July, 2020?

The correct answer is C) United Arab Emirates. Its Hope Probe, called Al-Amal in Arabic, lifted off on 19 July 2020 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan on a Japanese H-IIA rocket. It entered Mars orbit on 9 February 2021, and the UAE became the first Arab nation to reach Mars. The mission is built around studying the Martian atmosphere, weather and climate, including how hydrogen and oxygen escape into space.

Why the others are wrong:

• Saudi Arabia has a space agency (set up in 2018) but had no interplanetary probe in 2020.
• Kuwait and Qatar have no deep-space programme of this kind.

The core concept is the expansion of space capability beyond Earth orbit, which is a Science and Technology and International Relations topic. For Mains, it fits into space diplomacy and the comparison with India's Mangalyaan, which reached Mars orbit on its first attempt in 2014.

Trap: aspirants often pick Saudi Arabia because of its economic weight, or confuse the launch year with the orbit-insertion year.