If ‘A’ is B’s sister, ‘C’ is B’s mother, ‘D’ is C’s father, ‘E’ is D’s mother, then how is A related to D?

Build the chain from the top down. D is C's father, so D is C's father and therefore B's maternal grandfather. C is B's mother, and A is B's sister, which makes A a daughter of C. That places A one generation below C and two generations below D. E is D's mother and does not affect A's relation to D, so ignore E.

Correct answer: B) Granddaughter. A is D's daughter's daughter, which is the definition of a granddaughter.

• A) Grandfather: A is female, and a grandfather is a male ancestor. Wrong on gender and on direction.
• C) Grandmother: A is two generations below D, so she cannot be his grandmother. A grandmother is a female ancestor, one generation above the parent. Wrong on direction.
• D) Daughter: A is C's daughter, not D's. A is only one generation removed from C, but two from D. Wrong on generation count.

The core concept is coded or blood-relation chains in the reasoning section of the CSAT paper. Draw the family tree from the fixed point and count generations; it saves time on questions with many clues. Keep this habit for the Mains essay and ethics papers too, where clear logical structure matters.

Trap: Aspirants often get pulled in by E's clue and try to fit it into the chain, or they flip the direction and pick Grandmother because the word sounds like the right generation.