Which among the following organisations released the World Population Report, 2021 ?

The answer is B, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). UNFPA publishes the flagship State of World Population (SWOP) report every year, and that is the report aspirants usually mean by the 'World Population Report'. The 2021 edition, titled My Body Is My Own, focused on bodily autonomy and reproductive rights.

• IMF is a Bretton Woods institution. Its flagship is the World Economic Outlook, not a population report.
• WHO is the UN's health agency. Its publications include the World Health Report and World Health Statistics, not a population report.
• UNDP publishes the Human Development Report and the Human Development Index. It is easy to confuse it with population work, but its focus is human development.

The concept here is the UN system's division of mandates. For Mains, connect this to the demographic dividend, India's population stabilisation goals, and the ICPD Programme of Action (Cairo, 1994), which shaped the reproductive health approach that UNFPA champions.

Trap: Aspirants mix up UNFPA's SWOP with UN DESA's World Population Prospects, or with UNDP's Human Development Report.