In the contexts of Indian history, which of the following statement/s is/are correct regarding Vaikom Satyagraha? 1). It was a satyagraha againsts untouchability and caste discrimination. 2). Mahatma Gandhi Participated in this Satyagraha. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes:

Statement 1 is correct. The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924-25) in Travancore was launched to secure the right of avarna communities to walk on the roads around the Sri Mahadeva temple at Vaikom. It targeted untouchability and caste discrimination. It was led by T.K. Madhavan, K. Kelappan and George Joseph.

Statement 2 is incorrect in the usual reading. Gandhi did not lead the satyagraha or join it directly. He visited Vaikom in March 1925, held talks with the Travancore authorities and urged non-violence, but the movement was run by local leaders. So only 1 is correct.

• Option B credits Gandhi with direct participation, which he did not have.
• Option C fails because statement 2 does not hold.
• Option D fails because statement 1 is correct.

Core concept: non-violent, caste-based social reform within the freedom movement. For Mains (GS-1, Social Reform), it shows how caste reform and nationalism intersected in the 1920s. The Travancore government later opened the roads in 1936 through the Temple Entry Proclamation.

Trap: Students assume every famous satyagraha of the Gandhian era was led by Gandhi. Read statement 2 as a question of direct participation, not of his support or involvement.