Consider the following and arrange these in chronological order : I.  Golak Nath Case II. Keshavananda Bharti Case III.24 th Constitution Amendment Act IV. 42 nd Constitution Amendment Act Select the correct answer from the codes given below.

The correct order is I, III, II, IV, so the answer is A. The Golak Nath case (1967) held that Parliament could not take away Fundamental Rights through Article 368. Parliament responded with the 24th Constitutional Amendment (1971), which clarified that Article 368 covers amendment of any provision and made presidential assent mandatory. The Keshavananda Bharti case (1973) upheld that power but introduced the basic structure doctrine. The 42nd Amendment (1976), passed during the Emergency, came last in this list and added 'socialist' and 'secular' to the Preamble while trying to restrict judicial review.

• B is wrong because it places Keshavananda before the 24th Amendment, but the 24th was a direct response to Golak Nath and came before Keshavananda.
• C is wrong because it puts the 24th Amendment before Golak Nath, yet the amendment was a reaction to that judgment.
• D is wrong because it puts the 42nd Amendment before Keshavananda, which is incorrect.

Mains angle: this sequence traces the long tussle between Parliament and the judiciary over amendment power, which is the heart of the basic structure debate.

Trap: candidates often assume the 24th Amendment followed Keshavananda because Keshavananda is the more famous case. The 24th was a reaction to Golak Nath.