Who among the following person said for the Fundamental Rights "a pledge to our people and a pact with the civilized world"?

The answer is D, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The phrase is recorded in the Constituent Assembly debates in his remarks on the Fundamental Rights, which makes them a pledge to citizens domestically and a commitment to the international order that the new republic wanted to join.

The core concept is Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12 to 35). These rights are justiciable, and Article 32 gives the remedy to move the Supreme Court directly. Both points are central to the Mains question on the balance between individual liberty and state power.

• Nehru (A): He moved the Objectives Resolution in 1946, which set out the Constitution's philosophy. He did not make this remark on Fundamental Rights.
• Ambedkar (B): He called Article 32 the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution. That is a different formulation and the trap in this question.
• Rajendra Prasad (C): He presided over the Constituent Assembly. He did not give this particular characterisation.

Trap: Candidates pick Ambedkar because of the 'heart and soul' line on Article 32, and they mix up the speakers of these very similar constitutional quotations.