Consider the following: 1) Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops 2) Use of mobile cannons in warfare 3) Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

The correct answer is D (None). None of the three was introduced by the English.

• Statement 1 is wrong. Assessing land revenue by soil quality and crop type is associated with Sher Shah Suri (1540s). Akbar's revenue system under Todar Mal refined it further. The English East India Company inherited and used such assessments but did not originate them.
• Statement 2 is wrong. Mobile field artillery came to India with Babur at Panipat in 1526. It predates the English presence by about a century.
• Statement 3 is wrong. Tobacco and red chillies were brought by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Both are New World crops that spread along Portuguese trade routes.

The core concept is the sequence of pre-colonial and colonial introductions in Indian agriculture, revenue and military technology. For Mains, this shows how the British built on existing systems rather than creating them, which matters for questions on colonial continuity.

Trap: Aspirants attribute every new thing in India to the British. Check the period first. Anything before the English arrival in the early 1600s is almost certainly not English.