Which of the following can be said to be essentially the parts of Inclusive Governance? 1 Permitting the Non-Banking Financial Companies to do banking 2 Establishing effective District Planning Committees in all the districts 3 Increasing the government spending on public health 4 Strengthening the Mid-day Meal Scheme Select the correct answers using the codes given below:

The correct answer is C (2, 3 and 4 only). Inclusive governance means government reaching the poor, the marginalised and the excluded through decentralised planning, social sector spending and welfare delivery.

• Statement 2 is correct. District Planning Committees under Article 243ZD (inserted by the 74th Amendment) consolidate rural and urban plans at district level, bringing local voices into planning.
• Statement 3 is correct. Higher public health spending directly serves the poor, who depend most on public facilities. This is the core of inclusive social spending.
• Statement 4 is correct. The Mid-day Meal Scheme targets school children, improves enrolment and nutrition among disadvantaged groups, and is a classic inclusion instrument.
• Statement 1 is wrong. Allowing NBFCs to take deposits and act as banks is a financial sector regulatory matter. NBFCs are not banks, and the measure has no direct link to inclusion. Inclusive finance is pursued through banks, SHG linkage and Jan Dhan (a later scheme), not by blurring the line between NBFCs and banks.

Core concept: inclusive governance as a policy lens. Mains connection: GS-II on decentralisation and welfare schemes, and GS-III on inclusive growth.

Trap: candidates treat every financial or economic reform as inclusive. Ask whether the measure directly reaches excluded people.