Consider the following provisions under the Directive Principles of State Policy as enshrined in the Constitution of India: (1). Securing the citizens of India a uniform civil code (2). Organizing village Panchayats (3). Promoting cottage industries in rural areas (4). Securing for all the workers reasonable leisure and cultural opportunities. Which of the above are the Gandhian Principles that are reflected in the Directive Principles of State Policy?

Take the statements one by one. Statement 2, organising village panchayats, is Article 40, which makes the state the organiser of village panchayats as units of self-government. Statement 3, promoting cottage industries in rural areas, is in Article 43. Both reflect Gandhi's idea of gram swaraj and village economy.

Statement 1, a uniform civil code, is Article 44. It is not a Gandhian principle; it reflects the reformist vision of Dr Ambedkar and the liberal-egalitarian strand. So every option containing 1 is wrong. Statement 4, leisure and cultural opportunities for workers, also sits in Article 43, so it is Gandhian too. The strictly correct set is 2, 3 and 4, but that combination is not offered.

Among the given choices, B is the only one with no incorrect statement. A, C and D each include Article 44. So B is the best choice, though it leaves out 4.

Core concept: Gandhian principles in Part IV (Articles 40, 43, 43A, 46, 47) on village governance, rural economy and the welfare of labour. Mains link: decentralisation under the 73rd Amendment and rural livelihoods.

Trap: Aspirants mark 1 as Gandhian because it is a Directive Principle, but the DPSP label does not make a provision Gandhian.