In the context of India, which of the following principles is / are implied institutionally in the parliamentary government? 1. Member of the Cabinet are Members of the Parliament 2. Ministers hold the office till they enjoy confidence in the Parliament. 3. Cabinet is headed by the Head of the State. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

The correct answer is A. Statements 1 and 2 describe institutional features of the parliamentary system, while statement 3 does not.

• Statement 1 is implied: Ministers are normally drawn from Parliament, so the Cabinet is largely made up of MPs. Article 75(5) allows a non-member to serve as minister for up to six months, which shows that membership is a strong convention built into the system rather than an absolute rule.
• Statement 2 is correct: Article 75(3) makes the Council of Ministers collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. Ministers stay in office only as long as they hold the House's confidence, which is the core of responsible government.
• Statement 3 is wrong: The Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister, not the President. The President is the nominal head of the Union and acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers under Article 74.

The core concept is responsible government, the cornerstone of the Westminster-style system adopted under Part V of the Constitution. It is a recurring Mains theme on the executive-legislature relationship and the Prime Minister's role in coalition politics.

Trap: Many aspirants accept statement 3 because the President is the constitutional head of the Union. Headship of the State and headship of the government are different things.