According to the Constitution of India, which of the following are fundamental for the governance of the country?

The correct answer is C. Article 37 says the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down in them are fundamental in the governance of the country, and it is the duty of the State to apply them while making laws. That is the exact phrasing the question is testing.

• A (Fundamental Rights): Part III rights are justiciable under Articles 32 and 226. Because they are enforceable in court, they are not the provisions described as fundamental for governance in Article 37.
• B (Fundamental Duties): Article 51A, inserted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on the basis of the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendations, lists duties of citizens. It does not carry the Article 37 language.
• D (Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties): Since both A and B fail on this wording, the combined option fails too.

The core concept is the distinction between justiciable and non-justiciable provisions. DPSPs, from Articles 36 to 51, form the State's social and economic blueprint. In Mains, they come up in questions on the welfare state, the judicial harmonisation of DPSPs with Fundamental Rights, and the Parliament-judiciary debate.

Trap: Aspirants pick Fundamental Rights because they are the 'fundamental' part of the Constitution in common usage. Article 37 uses the word in a specific sense for DPSPs.