The Parliament can make any law for whole or any part of India for implementing international treaties

The correct answer is D. Under Article 253, Parliament can make any law for the whole or any part of India to give effect to international treaties, agreements or conventions with other countries, and no State's consent is needed. This is a deliberate exception to the normal division of powers under Article 246 and the Seventh Schedule, where most subjects sit in the State List.

Why the others fail:

• A and B: Consent of all States or of a majority of States is not a requirement anywhere in Article 253.
• C: Even the States whose subject matter the treaty touches need not consent. The Centre's power is not conditional on State approval.

Mains link: this power is central to debates on federalism and India's treaty obligations. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is often cited as a law enacted to implement decisions taken at the Stockholm Conference, which shows how the power works in practice.

Trap: Students confuse Article 253 with Article 252 (which needs consent of two or more States for a law on a State subject) or Article 249 (which needs a Rajya Sabha resolution), and pick one of the consent options.