Consider the following statements: (1). ‘Bijak’ is a composition of the teachings of Saint Dadu Dayal. (2). The Philosophy of Pushti Marg was propounded by Madhvacharya. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Neither statement is correct, so the answer is D. Both statements swap a name, which is the usual trap in this part of the bhakti syllabus.

• Statement 1 is wrong. The Bijak is one of the three major texts of the Kabir Panth, along with the Sakhi and Sabad, and it records the teachings of Kabir, not Dadu Dayal. Dadu's teachings are compiled in the Dadu Vani, and he founded the Brahma Sampradaya in Rajasthan.
• Statement 2 is wrong. Pushti Marg was founded by Vallabhacharya (1479-1531), whose philosophy is Shuddhadvaita, or pure non-dualism. Madhvacharya, the 13th-century thinker from Udupi, propounded Dvaita, or dualism, which is a different school.

The core concept is the bhakti movement's sectarian diversity: each saint-reformer had a distinct philosophy, text corpus and institutional base, and the vernacular compilations of these saints are a major source for the Mains question on social harmony and the bhakti-Sufi tradition.

Trap: candidates see a familiar saint's name attached to a Vaishnava or devotional tradition and accept it without checking. Keep a simple table of saint, sect, text and philosophy.