With reference to Rowlatt Satyagraha, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1) The Rowlatt Act was based on the recommendations of the ‘Sedition Committee’.  2) In Rowlatt Satyagraha Gandhiji tried to use the Home Rule League.  3) Demonstrations against the Simon Commission coincided with the Rowlatt Satyagraha.  Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Statement 1 is correct. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was based on the recommendations of the Sedition Committee under Justice Sidney Rowlatt, which had studied revolutionary activity during the war. The Act allowed detention without trial and tightened press and political controls, which is why Gandhi called for a hartal and satyagraha against it.

Statement 2 is also correct. Gandhiji planned the agitation through the Satyagraha Sabha but wanted to use the existing network of Home Rule League branches to spread it. That organisation gave him a ready base in towns and cities, and the hartal of April 1919 drew on it.

Statement 3 is wrong. The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927, about eight years after the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919, so the two never coincided. Any option pairing them is a timeline error.

The core concept is Gandhi's shift from constitutional petitioning to mass civil disobedience. For Mains, it is a useful case study on how wartime emergency laws shaped interwar politics, and it leads directly to the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy.

Trap: Aspirants often accept statement 3 because both episodes involve boycotts and protests against British policy. Check the dates first.