UPSC IAS - 2015
The ‘Fortaleza Declaration’ recently in the news, is related to the affairs of:
Year Asked: 2015
Correct Answer
B. BRICS
Detailed Explanation
The correct answer is B) BRICS. The Fortaleza Declaration was adopted at the 6th BRICS Summit held in Fortaleza, Brazil, in July 2014. The summit set up the New Development Bank and a Contingent Reserve Arrangement of about USD 100 billion, both meant to give members financial options beyond the Western-led institutions.
- ASEAN: Its founding document is the Bangkok Declaration of 1967, and its legal framework is the ASEAN Charter of 2007. Fortaleza has no link to it.
- OECD: Set up by a convention signed at Paris in 1960 and in force from 1961. It is a club of mostly developed economies, not an emerging-economy grouping.
- WTO: Born under the Marrakesh Agreement of 1994. Its ministerial meetings such as Bali and Nairobi produce ministerial decisions, not Fortaleza-type summit declarations.
The core concept is BRICS as a forum of emerging economies seeking a more multipolar global order. This links to GS-II on India's foreign policy and reform of global institutions. Note that BRICS has since expanded its membership, a change after 2014.
Trap: aspirants pick WTO because the question sounds trade-related, or confuse the Fortaleza summit with the G20.
This question appeared in UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper-1.
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