The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to-

The answer is D, constitutional reforms. Edwin Montagu, Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy, produced the 1918 report that became the basis of the Government of India Act, 1919. The key change was dyarchy in the provinces, where subjects were split into reserved (run by the Governor and executive council) and transferred (run by Indian ministers responsible to the legislature). The Act also created a bicameral central legislature.

• A) Social reforms: Social reform of this period came through legislation such as the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, not through these proposals.
• B) Educational reforms: Educational reform was examined by the Sadler Commission (1917-19) on Calcutta University, a separate track.
• C) Police administration: Police reform was handled by the Police Commission of 1902-03 under Curzon, not by Montague-Chelmsford.

Core concept: the move from consultative reform to limited responsible government. For Mains, this links to the evolution of the constitution from the 1909 and 1919 Acts to the 1935 Act and the path to 1947.

Trap: candidates recall the 1919 Act but confuse it with the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909, which were also constitutional but had a different scheme and no dyarchy.