Satya Shodhak Samaj organized

The correct answer is C. Jyotirao Phule founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in Pune in 1873 to challenge Brahmin dominance and the caste hierarchy. It stood for equality, rational thinking, and rights for Shudras and Atishudras, and it opposed idol worship and priestly mediation. Phule's book Gulamgiri (1873) gives the movement its ideological base.

• A is wrong. Tribal upliftment in Bihar is linked with movements such as Birsa Munda's Ulgulan, not with Satya Shodhak Samaj.
• B is wrong. Temple-entry struggles of the period are associated with Vaikom Satyagraha in Kerala (1924-25), not with Gujarat or this Samaj.
• D is wrong. Peasant mobilisation in Punjab, such as the Kisan movement, had its own agrarian roots and is unrelated to this caste-reform body.

Core concept: non-Brahmin and anti-caste reform in colonial Maharashtra. For Mains GS-1 (social reform movements), link Phule to later Ambedkarite and Dalit assertion.

Trap: aspirants mix it up with Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj or Brahmo Samaj, which were reform bodies with different aims and regions.