‘Doctors Without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres)’, often in the news, is

Doctors Without Borders (MSF) is a private, international, non-governmental medical humanitarian organisation. It was founded in Paris in 1971 by doctors and journalists after the Biafra famine, and it won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. It runs on private donations and works independently of governments, which is why its neutrality and impartiality matter so much in conflict zones.

• A is wrong: MSF is not a division of the WHO. The WHO is a UN specialised agency, and MSF is an independent body that often works alongside it and sometimes criticises it.
• C is wrong: An inter-governmental agency is made up of states. MSF is not an EU body and is not funded or sponsored by the EU as a government-led organisation.
• D is wrong: UN specialised agencies such as WHO, ILO, UNESCO and FAO are created through intergovernmental agreements. MSF was never part of that system.

The core concept here is the NGO and the principles of humanitarian action: neutrality, impartiality and independence, which MSF shares with the Red Cross. For Mains GS-II, this connects to the role of NGOs in health governance and humanitarian intervention, and for GS-IV, to medical ethics in conflict.

Trap: Aspirants read "health" and "international" and assume it must be a WHO or UN body. Remember that an international organisation is not automatically intergovernmental.