‘Mission Indradhanush’ launched by the Government of India pertains to

The correct answer is A. Mission Indradhanush was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in December 2014 to cover children and pregnant women under the Universal Immunization Programme. It targets vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, tuberculosis and hepatitis B. The Intensified Mission Indradhanush followed in 2017, and the vaccine list has since been widened, so check the current schedule if a later question asks for specifics.

• B is wrong: Smart cities come under the Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• C is wrong: Searching for Earth-like planets is a space science question. It has no link to any health scheme.
• D is wrong: The New Education Policy is a education-sector policy. The 2016 exam year would have referred to the 1986 policy as revised in 1992, and the 2020 NEP came later.

The core concept is the Universal Immunization Programme and how centrally sponsored health missions are named and launched. For Mains GS-II, this connects to health delivery, maternal and child health indicators, and the gap between coverage and full immunization.

Trap: Candidates sometimes pick B because a mission name sounds like an urban or infrastructure scheme. Note the ministry and the target group in the question, not just the name.