Consider the following statements: 1. The Nuclear Security Summits are periodically held under the aegis of the United Nations. 2. The International Panel on Fissile Materials is an organ of International Atomic Energy Agency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Neither statement holds, so D is correct.

• Statement 1 is wrong. The Nuclear Security Summits were initiated by US President Barack Obama in 2010 (Washington). They were a leaders-level process held outside the UN framework, aimed at securing vulnerable nuclear material from terrorists. The series ended with the 2016 summit in Washington, so it is no longer periodic.
• Statement 2 is wrong. The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) is an independent expert body of arms-control researchers, founded in 2006. It is not an organ of the IAEA. The IAEA is an autonomous agency in the UN system, and its organs are the General Conference, Board of Governors and Secretariat. IPFM is none of these.

Core concept: nuclear governance is split between the IAEA (safeguards and verification under the NPT), the NSG (export control), ad hoc state-led initiatives like the NSS, and civil-society expert panels like IPFM. For Mains GS-3 (nuclear non-proliferation and security), knowing which body is UN-based, state-led or independent is essential.

Trap: Aspirants assume any high-profile nuclear meeting must be UN-linked, or that any nuclear-related body must sit under the IAEA. Check the sponsoring state or organisation before accepting a statement.