With reference to Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements: I. It contributed to the revival of the indigenous artisan crafts and industries. II. The National Council of Education was established as a part of Swadeshi Movement. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Both statements are correct, so the answer is C. The Swadeshi Movement (1905 to about 1908), launched after the Partition of Bengal, had two arms: boycott of foreign goods and promotion of indigenous enterprise and national education.

• Statement I is correct. The movement encouraged handloom weaving, artisan crafts and indigenous industry. Swadeshi enterprises such as the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company (V.O. Chidambaram Pillai), new textile mills and swadeshi banks came up in this period.
• Statement II is correct. The National Council of Education was set up in August 1906 in Calcutta to run national education outside government control. It founded the Bengal National College, with Aurobindo Ghose as its first principal, and linked schools across Bengal.

The core concept is economic nationalism and the use of self-reliance as a political tool. For Mains, link this to the drain of wealth critique, de-industrialisation under colonial rule and the later Gandhian constructive programme.

Trap: Aspirants often treat Swadeshi as only a boycott movement and reject Statement I. Others assume the National Council of Education came later, under Congress or after 1908, which is wrong.