Building ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature in the temple construction I the kingdom of

The correct answer is D) Vijayanagara. The kalyana mandapa, a pillared hall used for ceremonial weddings and festivals within the temple complex, became a signature feature of Vijayanagara temple architecture from the 14th to 16th centuries. The Vitthala temple at Hampi, with its richly carved pillars and musical pillars, is the best-known example.

Why the others are wrong:

• Chalukya: Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal are famous for the early experiments that blended Nagara and Dravida styles, but the kalyana mandapa is not their defining feature.
• Chandela: Khajuraho is known for its Nagara temples, sculpted spires and mandapas. The kalyana mandapa is not its identifying feature.
• Rashtrakuta: The Kailasa temple at Ellora is a monolithic rock-cut marvel. It is not associated with kalyana mandapas.

Core concept: temple architecture as a social and economic institution. Vijayanagara temples combined religious, cultural and community functions, which is why the architecture of the period matters for Mains answers on the temple as a centre of ritual, patronage and art.

Trap: Students often pick Chalukya because of the early temple architecture of Badami and Aihole. Remember that the kalyana mandapa is tied to Vijayanagara.