In India, the use of carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos is viewed with apprehension. These chemicals are used as

The answer is A. All four chemicals are agricultural pesticides. Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide and nematicide. Methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos are organophosphates used against sucking and chewing pests. Their toxicity to humans, birds, and aquatic life is why their use draws concern, and this is why they have been restricted or banned in many countries. Their regulation falls under the Insecticides Act, 1968, administered through the CIB&RC. Check the current CIB&RC notifications, as their registration status has changed since 2019.

• B is wrong: Food preservatives such as sodium benzoate are permitted under the FSS Act, 2006 and FSSAI regulations, and none of these four is a food preservative.
• C is wrong: Ripening agents are ethylene-based, and the illegal one commonly misused is calcium carbide. None of the listed chemicals is used for this.
• D is wrong: Moisturizers in cosmetics include glycerin and hyaluronic acid, which fall under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. These chemicals are not used in cosmetics.

The core concept is pesticide toxicity and regulation, which links to the Mains theme of food safety, residue limits, and sustainable agriculture.

Trap: Candidates who see the words "food" or "fruit" in the other options may pick them by association. Identify the chemical class first, then match it to the function.