Recently, India signed a deal known as ‘Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field’ with which of the following countries?

The correct answer is B) Russia. The Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field is an implementation document under the existing India-Russia civil nuclear framework, which centres on Kudankulam (VVER-1000 reactors built with Rosatom). It sets priorities for projects like further units, fuel cycle and joint ventures, so it is about execution rather than a fresh treaty.

• Japan (A): India's civil nuclear engagement with Japan was built around a separate cooperation agreement concluded in 2016, not this Action Plan.
• United Kingdom (C): India and the UK have a civil nuclear cooperation MoU from 2010. That is a different instrument and not the one named here.
• United States (D): The landmark deal is the 123 Agreement of 2008, under the Hyde Act framework. Its implementation is handled through separate arrangements, not this Action Plan.

Conceptually, this ties into India's civil nuclear energy push under the Atomic Energy Act and the NSG waiver of 2008, which is a recurring Mains theme on energy security and strategic partnerships.

Trap: Candidates pick the US because the 2008 Indo-US civil nuclear deal is the most famous. Read the exact name of the instrument, since many bilateral nuclear documents look similar.