In the context of India’s preparation for Climate-Smart Agriculture, consider the following statements : ​ 1. The ‘Climate-Smart Village’ approach in India is a part of a project led by the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), an international research programme. ​ 2. The project of CCAFS is carried out under Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) headquartered in France. ​ 3. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in India is one of the CGIAR’s research centres. ​ Which of the statements given above are correct? ​

All three statements are correct, so the answer is D. The core idea is that CGIAR is a global consortium of agricultural research centres, and CCAFS is one of its research programmes built around climate-smart agriculture.

• Statement 1 is correct. Climate-Smart Villages were a flagship of CCAFS, and India had several such villages, for example in Haryana, Bihar and Odisha, under the programme.
• Statement 2 is correct. CCAFS is carried out under CGIAR. CGIAR's secretariat is in Montpellier, France. Aspirants often mix up this headquarters location with the seat of other CGIAR centres.
• Statement 3 is correct. ICRISAT is headquartered in Hyderabad and is one of the 15 CGIAR research centres. It works on semi-arid tropics crops such as sorghum, millets and pigeonpea.

Connect this to the syllabus under Agriculture and Environment: climate-smart practices such as drought-tolerant varieties, water-use efficiency and crop diversification are central to the Mains answers on food security under climate stress. Note that CCAFS has since been restructured inside CGIAR's newer portfolio, so the programme name may appear differently in recent sources, but the 2021 facts stand.

Trap: Aspirants often assume the headquarters of CGIAR is in Washington or Rome, or doubt Statement 2 because of the CCAFS name. Check each link (CCAFS to CGIAR, ICRISAT to CGIAR) on its own.