With reference to India, consider the following statements : ​ 1. There is only one citizenship and one domicile. ​ 2. A citizen by birth only can become the Head of State. ​ 3. A foreigner once granted the citizenship cannot be deprived of it under any circumstances. ​ Which of the statements given above is/are correct? ​

Statement 1 is correct. Articles 5 to 11 in Part II of the Constitution provide for a single Indian citizenship, with no separate state citizenship. A citizen also has one domicile for Union purposes, so the statement holds.

Statement 2 is wrong. Article 58 lists the eligibility for President: citizen of India, 35 years or more, and qualified for election to the Lok Sabha. It does not restrict the office to citizens by birth, so naturalised citizens are eligible too.

Statement 3 is wrong. Under Section 10 of the Citizenship Act, 1955, the government can deprive a naturalised citizen of citizenship on grounds such as fraud, disloyalty to the Constitution, trading with the enemy in war, or seven years' continuous residence abroad. Article 11 lets Parliament regulate citizenship, which is why no citizenship is absolutely protected.

• Statement 1 only is correct, so the answer is Option A.

Mains link: single citizenship underpins the debate on the Citizenship Amendment Act and on dual citizenship demands. Trap: assuming that Article 58 requires birth citizenship, or treating citizenship as an unconditional right.