In the Pleistocene period either the Yamuna once flowed into the Indus, or the Sutlej flowed into the Yamuna and one major tributary of either had shifted from the Ganga to the Indus or vice versa.
Which of the following is/are the basis of the above assertion ?
1. The Nadi-Sukta of the Rigveda
2. The explorations of the Sutlej and the Yamuna by Robert Bruce Foote
3. The presence of the same species of dolphins in both the Indus and the Ganga river systems
Select the answer using the code given below :
Options
📖Detailed Explanation
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Nadi-Sukta (Hymn of Rivers) found in the Rigveda is a historical and cultural text that enumerates the geographical landscape of the Indian subcontinent known to the Vedic people. While it mentions rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, Sutlej, and Indus, it does not provide empirical paleohydrological data or evidence regarding complex underground tectonic shifts during the Pleistocene epoch. Both Yamuna and Sutlej are mentioned in the Nadi Sukta.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Robert Bruce Foote was an eminent British geologist and archaeologist known widely as the "Father of Indian Prehistory". But, His exploration records do not center on mapping structural drainage patterns or connecting the Pleistocene dynamics of the Sutlej and Yamuna systems.
Statement 3 is correct: The presence of nearly identical, highly specialized freshwater river dolphins (Platanista gangetica in the Ganga and Platanista minor in the Indus) provides definitive biological and biogeographical evidence. Because these mammals are blind, strictly bound to freshwater habitats, and completely incapable of surviving or migrating through saltwater marine environments, their distribution across two isolated basins proves that the Indus and Ganga river systems must have shared interconnected, common drainage channels during the Pleistocene period before tectonic upheavals permanently divided them.
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