UPSC Prelims 2026
Question 77 of 100
77
Question 77
GS Paper-1 • 2 Marks
In a multi-ethnic district where both economic competition and historical grievances frequently led to community tensions, a flashpoint has arisen with a Government decision to allocate land for a waste management facility near a tribal hamlet, sparking protests by the tribal community, which claimed that the land was sacred and critical to their cultural identity. At the same time, urban residents and local industries supported the project, citing severe solid waste challenges and health concerns due to lack of a proper disposal site. The conflict has escalated with road blockades, social media campaigns, and allegations of police excesses. As a responsible Government official, you are tasked with resolving the situation through mediation, ensuring a sustainable outcome that balances environmental needs, tribal rights, and urban public health.

Consider the following statements with reference to the above :
1. A successful conflict resolution process must begin with acknowledging the cultural concerns of the protesting tribal community before discussing technical alternatives.
2. The Government should move ahead with the project without delay to address urban health concerns, which outweigh the sentiments of a small group.
3. Creating a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform - including tribal leaders, environmental experts, and municipal representatives - to build mutual understanding and help de-escalate tensions.
4. Conducting an independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and sharing findings transparently with both sides to facilitate evidence-based decision-making.

Which of the statements given above would contribute to the resolution process ?

Options

A
a) 1, 3 and 4 only
Correct Answer
B
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
C
c) 1 and 2 only
D
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

📖Detailed Explanation

Answer: (a)

Explanation:
Statement 1 contributes positively: In deep-rooted communal or cultural conflicts, validating and acknowledging the emotional and identity-based grievances of a marginalized group is a standard prerequisite in mediation before moving to cold, technical negotiations.

Statement 2 hinders the process: Forcing the project through without delay dismisses the lawful rights and sentiments of the tribal community.

Statement 3 contributes positively: Creating a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform institutionalizes communication, brings polarized parties to the same table, and acts as an immediate de-escalation mechanism.

Statement 4 contributes positively: An independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) introduces objective, empirical data into an emotionally charged environment.
77 / 100

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