Answer: (b)

Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: Black boxes do carry an Underwater Locator Beacon (ULB) to assist search teams if an aircraft crashes into water. However, this beacon does not emit red light pulses-light travels poorly through deep, murky ocean water. Instead, it emits ultrasonic acoustic pulses (pings) at a frequency of 37.5 kHz, which can travel through water and be detected by specialized sonar equipment.

Statement 2 is correct: A standard commercial aircraft's black box system consists of two separate recording units: the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), which records pilot conversations, radio communications, and ambient cockpit sounds, and the Flight Data Recorder (FDR), which tracks structural parameters like altitude, airspeed, and wing flap positions.

Statement 3 is correct: To survive catastrophic impacts, extreme G-forces, and intense post-crash fires, the internal Crash-Survivable Memory Unit (CSMU) that houses the data chips is heavily armored. The protective outer enclosure of this memory unit is manufactured using high-strength stainless steel or titanium, coupled with high-temperature thermal insulation layers.