UPSC Prelims 2026
Question 79 of 100
79
Question 79
GS Paper-1 • 2 Marks
‘X’ was addressing a seminar on the meaning of the term ‘law’ as provided under Article 13, Part III of the Constitution of India. ‘X’ explained that the meaning of the term ‘law’ in the Constitution of India was very comprehensive. It included ordinances, orders and even rules and regulations. ‘Y’ pointed out that the term ‘law’ in Article 13 also included custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law, to which ‘X’ was not convinced.

Based on the above, select the correct conclusion from the options given below :

Options

A
a) ‘X’ is correct in the interpretation of law, including the view on non-inclusion of custom.
B
b) The view of ‘Y’ that ‘law’ included custom is not correct.
C
c) The views of both ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are correct.
D
d) The view of only ‘Y’ is correct.
Correct Answer

📖Detailed Explanation

Answer: (d)

Explanation:
In both common law and civil law jurisdiction, customs remain as a recognized source of law. In the Indian legal system, under article 13(3)(a) of the constitution customs are recognized, which includes "customs or usage having the force of law" within the definition of law. This ensures that customs that have attained the force of law continue to operate unless they contravene constitutional provisions.
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